Bio 2 Test

this is the name of the central part of the neuron

Soma

The insulation pieces along the axon are called

Schwann cells

the gaps in the axon to prevent overloading messages

Nodes of Ravier

empty space between neurons

synopse

how many axons can a neuron have at max?

1

the only visible part to the naked eye of the ear

Auricle or Pinna

this part of the ear is responsible for protection

Auditory canal

these structures regulate balance

cochlea + semi circular canals

this part of the ear connects to the digestive system

eustachian tube

the three bones in your ear

incus, malleus, and stapes (hallow chamber)

the colored part of the eye is named after this greek god

iris

the only solid + non-pliable part of the eye

lens

this part of the eye is unique for everyone

retina

this is the fluid in the eye

vitreous humour

the macala of the eye also goes by this common name

blind spot

patient has vertigo

VIII- Vestibulocochlear

patient has inability to taste

I- olfactory OR VII- facial

patient has tetanus

V- Trigeminal OR VII- Facial

patient has uncontrollable blinking

III- oculomotor OR X- vagus

patient has back spasms

VI- abducens OR XI- accessory

dopamine and neurophenophrine make what?

adrenaline

Acetylcholine

controls muscle movement

Norepinephrine

sense of feeling calm + limit actions if body makes too much

What term is used to describe the 4 F’s? (Fight, Flight, Freeze, Fawn)

Norepinephrines

Dopamine

sense of euphoria

what is the #1 dopamine releaser?

coffee

serotonin

drowsiness

histamine

alertness

what is another form of benadryl?

tobacco

GABA

inhibits other neurotransmitters (slows production of other transmitters)

Substance P

creates pain

Endorphins

inhibit substance P

olfactory (I)

smell and taste

optic (II)

vision

occulamotor (III)

eyelids, eye focusing, controls blinking and winking

Trochlear (IV)

movement of eyeballs

Trigeminal (V)

crying, scalp, forehead, feeling in teeth and palate and mastication

Abducens (VI)

cramps or charlie horses

Facial (VII)

expressions and salivation

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

hearing and balance

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

swallowing and speaking

Vagus (X)

anything involuntary (digestion or breathing)

Accessory (XI)

neck or back

Hypoglossal (XII)

controls tongue movement

central nervous system

brain and spine, damage to this system is NOT recoverable

peripheral system

cranial nerves, spinal nerves (sensory, motor), all the nerves spread throughout your body

somatic

controls skeletal muscles (muscles attached to bone used for voluntary movement)

autonomic

controls involuntary muscles (cardiac muscles and smooth muscles)

sensation

actually physically feeling what is happening to you

perception

you can make.a feeling in your brain but it is not actually happening

what are the two categories of senses

motor and chemical

motor senses

something physical was touched

chemical senses

react due to chemical senses in the air

pressure sense

pressure you are putting on something

texture sense

can tell what something feels like, rough or smooth

heat sense

detect when molecules are moving fast around you

cold sense

detect when molecules are moving less than you are

pain sense

determines when you reach the point of when something hurts

proximity sense

when you can tell if something is about to touch you

braille senses

pressure and texture

what senses do you start with an even number of?

cold and pain

what type of sense do women make more of?

cold senses

what two senses happen in the same part of the body?

hearing and balance

what parts of the ear makes up the outer ear?

penna or oracle, auditory canal, tempanic membrane (eardrum)

where does nausea occur?

in your ear

chemical senses

use chemical markers to identify the surroundings

smell

uses the palate

smell is the most connected sense to ___________

long term memory

smell is 80% of what sense?

taste

taste

uses the palate and taste buds

taste is divided into 8 categories:

sweet, salty, sour, umami (savory), pain (capscasin), bitter, astringent, alkalin

vision

happens due to a photochemical reaction, light enters and causes a change

Analgesia

inability to feel pain

Aphasia

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).

Apraxia

impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function

Ataxia

inability to perform coordinated movements, that can affect walking, balancing, hand coordination, speech, and swallowing

Capgras delusion

belief that loved one has been replaced by an imposter (a body double)

Cerebral palsy

A loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)

Diplopia

the perception of two images of a single object

Encephalitis

inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus

Epilepsy

A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and seizures

Exophthalmos

bulging eyes

Huntington's disease

inherited disease that causes the breakdown of nerve cells in the brain

Hyperalgesia

increased sensitivity to pain

Multiple sclerosis

A chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and speech

Neuralgia

nerve pain

Somnambulation

sleep walking

Tinnitus

ringing in the ears

Vertigo

Condition of dizziness, "room spinning"

what part of your ear never stops growing?

penna or oracle

ax

rotation point

dendr

tree

funi

chord

gangli

bundle

lemm

peel

mening

cover

moto

to move

peri

around

plex

weave