NUR303 Infectious agent

health outcomes

the result of health promotion and disease prevention measures. the individual are empowered to make healthier decisions to reduce likehood of developing disease and disability through health promotion and disease prevention programs

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

modifiable risk factors

behaviors and actions that can affect a client’s risk for developing a disease

nonmodifiable risk factors

risk factors that cannot be changed

prevention

the act of stopping from happening

primary prevention

the act of intervening before negative health effects occur

secondary prevention

to reduce the impact of disease or injury and limit disability

tertiary prevention

focuses on managing and treating existing, established health conditions to reduce complications, prevent worsening, and improve quality of life

self care

inclusive group of activities nurses can utilize to promote mental health and overall well being

wellness

a positive state of health

sterilization

cleaning instruments so that all mos including spores are eradicated

surgical asepsis

techniques that ensures the sterility of items that will come in contact with client through use of equipment like sterile gloves in order to prevent pathogen transfer to the client

susceptible host

required for infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection

systemic infections

starts as local infection and then transmits to the bloodstream to infect the entire body system

vector-borne transmission

transmission through animals, i.e. insect or rodent

vehicle transmission

transmission through common source, i.e. food or water

virulent

how efficient an infectious agent is at making people ill

culture

the shared/shared/transmitted values and beliefs of a particular group

disease prevention

specific, population based and individual based interventions for primary and secondary prevention

health education

learning experiences that are designed to improve the health of an individual or community through increased knowledge or by influencing attitudes

infectious agent

something that contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, prion

inflammatory response

natural defense when injured, when foreign substances are present, or when infectious agents attack

local infections

confined to one area of body

medical asepsis

clean technique practices that reduce the presence of disease-causing mos on surfaces

modes of transmission

how infectious agents move from place to place, droplet/contact/airborne

multidrug resistant organisms

bacteria that are resistant to one or more classes of existing antimicrobials

nonspecific immunity

compromised of neutrophils and macrophages and their work as phagocytes

open glove technique

used to don sterile gloves using surgical asepsis; touched directly with hands

period of convalescence

firth and last stage of infection when client returns to normal state of health

period of decline

fourth stage of infection when manifestations begin to wave as the number of infectious disease decreases

personal protective equipment (ppe)

specially designed equipment that is meant to protect the health care worker from contamination, blood, or body fluids. masks/eye protection/gown/gloves/hair caps. donned prior to client interaction

phagocytes

eat and destroys mos

portal of entry

any body orifice

portal of exit

means by which infectious agent leaves the reservoir

prodromal

stage of infection when client has initial manifestations as agent replicates

protective isolation

used during approximately the first 100 days after the transplant, specific engineering and hospital designs that decrease risk of environmental fungi to client who had hsct

reservoir

habitat of infectious agent, where it can live/grow/reproduce

specific immunity

the work of antibodies

standard precautions

infection prevention practices and these apply to all clients, whether or not they are known to have infectious agent

sterile fields

created to ensure the smallest number of mos possible are present; used when surgical asepsis is indicated

sterile gowning

gown that is sterile, donned prior to procedures requiring surgical asepsis

donned

to put on

droplet precautions

don mask when entering room/coming in close contact with client

droplet transmission

occurs when droplets from resp. tract of client travel through air and into mucosa of a host

enhanced barrier precautions

nursing home staff must wear gown and gloves to prevent transfer or organisms to themselves or clothing when engaging in certain client care activities

hand hygiene

washing your hands, using antibacterial gel/foam, surgical scrub

healthcare associated infections

infections acquired at healthcare facilities

incubation

first stage of infection, lab values are changed, not feel ill

independent gowning

surgical gowning performed without another

indirect contact transmission

mos are directly moved from infected person to another with having a contaminated object between the two

infection control bundles

guidelines for practice that are bundles together to help prevent hais, like cautis, clabsis, vaps, and ssis

acute illness

third stage of infection, most severe

airborne infection isolation room (aiire)

single client rooms with special air handling and ventilation to provide neg air pressure

airborne precautions

used when client has an infectious agent that can be transmitted through air

chain of infection

how mos move from place to place

closed glove technique

used to don sterile gloves with hands inside gown

contact precautions

precautions used when client has infectious agent that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with body secretions

direct contact transmission

occurs when mos are directly moved from infected person to another rather through object

disinfection

cleaning instruments so that almost all mos are eradicated but not completely