set1 psychology (history)

Why study the history of psychology?

To understand roots & evolution of ideas, see how past theories shaped current practices, know how psychology became a science, appreciate diverse perspectives, and apply psychology in real life.

What does the word "psychology" mean?

Psyche = mind, Logos = study/knowledge → Psychology = scientific study of human behavior & mental processes.

Where is psychology found in daily life?

Within us (thoughts, emotions) and around us (social interactions, learning, media).

What is René Descartes’ main contribution to psychology?

Dualism – mind and body are separate but interact (mind-body problem).

Who founded the first psychology lab and when?

Wilhelm Wundt, 1879, Leipzig, Germany.

What is Structuralism?

Approach by Wundt & Titchener; studied structure of the mind using introspection (self-reflection).

What was the limitation of introspection?

Unreliable method, eventually abandoned.

Who founded Gestalt psychology and what is its key idea?

Max Wertheimer – “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”; studied perception and meaningful patterns.

What are Freud’s key contributions?

Unconscious mind, early childhood importance, talk therapy (free association), dream analysis.

What are Freud’s 3 personality structures?

Id (pleasure), Ego (reality), Superego (morality).

What are defense mechanisms?

Unconscious strategies (e.g., denial, projection) to reduce anxiety.

Who founded the first U.S. psychology lab and APA?

G. Stanley Hall.

What did William James contribute?

Functionalism → focus on function of behavior; introduced “stream of consciousness.”

Who founded behaviorism?

John B. Watson – focused on observable behavior, rejected introspection.

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Ivan Pavlov.

Who developed operant conditioning?

B.F. Skinner (rewards & punishments).

The birth date of modern scientific psychology begins after the….

start of first psychology reserch laboratory

The early school of Psychology called structuralism

Investigated the structure of mind

William James Is to functionalism as……….is to structuralism.'

Edward Titchner

(a) is the earliest school of psychology that attempts to break down mental experiences, while (b)_ _ focuses on how the mind works.

a) structuralism (b) functionalism

Which psychological perspective originated with Sigmund Freud?"

Psychodynamic

Humanists rejected the notions of behaviorists and psychoanalysts. Rather they emphasized the importance of_____In understanding our behavior

conscious choice

_____was not a psychologist, but his work Influenced the evolutionary approach to psychology

Charles Darwin

Eclectic means to adopt just one psychological approach to understanding human behavior and mind.

False