Severe Acute Malnutrition

Severe Acute Malnutrition

severe wasting and/or bilateral edema.

Severe Wasting

Extreme thinness diagnosed by a weight-for-length (or height) < -3 SD of the WHO Child Growth Standards.

MUAC <115mm

Indicate SAM

Bilateral Edema

• Grasp both feet, place a thumb, and press gently but firmly for 10 seconds.

• If a pit (dent) remains under each thumb

Stunting

underweight but not a priority for acute clinical care because their deficits cannot be corrected in the short term.

1. Marasmus (Severe wasting)

2. Kwashiorkor (Characterized by edema)

3. Marasmic-Kwashiorkor (Severe wasting and edema)

Type of Severe Acute Malnutrition (3)

Potassium

Magnesium

Vitamin A

Zinc

Lost through diarrhea(4)

Glycine

Taurine

lost due to small bowel bacterial overgrowth (2)

Wasting

preceded by failure to gain weight, followed by weight loss.

Edematous Malnutriion

Edema starts in the feet, then spreads to lower legs, and may become

generalized, affecting the hands, arms, and face.

Reductive Adaptation

When a childs intake is insufficient to meet daily needs, physiologic and metabolic changes occur in an orderly progression to conserve energy and prolong life. This process is called

Stabilization Phase

 Repair cellular function

 Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance

 Restore homeostasis

What phase of treatment?

Rehabilitation Phase

Restore wasted tissues (catch-up growth)

What phase of treatment?

F75

specially formulated low- lactose milk containing:

• 75 kcal and 0.9 g protein per 100 mL

• Added potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients

Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF)

• High in energy and protein.

• Contains electrolytes and micronutrients

• Thick paste made of milk powder, peanuts, vegetable oil, and sugar.

7-10 days

Hospital stay is reduced to about

Kwashiorkor

Moon Face

Marasmus

Simian Facies

Vitamin A

Bilot Spots

Vitamin C

Spongy Bleeding gums

Marasmus

Loose and wrinkled

Kwashiorkor

Shony amd edematous

Hypocalcemia

Chvosteo or Trousseau