Ch 23: Plant Cells & Tissues

eukaryotic cell plan

cellulose cell wall, cytoplasm, large central vacuole

protoplast

cytoplasm and nucleus

may die and leave behind the cell wall for the support & transportation of water, minerals, and nutrients

3 regions of plant

root, stem, leaves

merestemic tissue

active regions of cell division in the plant

contains clusters of stem cells that divide through process of mitosis to produce 2 daughter cells

2 parts: primary & secondary

primary

aka epical

very important for the length of the plant

cells from here form the outer protective layer for the plant (epidermis)

secondary

very important for the thickness/girth of the plant

epidermis

outer protective layer of the plant

protects from invasion of microorganisms & important for mineral & moisture absorption, so plant isn’t dry

produces secretions

carnivores

meat eating animals

herbivores

plant eating animals

ground tissue

most living cells in the plant are here (root, stem, leaves)

metabolically active

perform photosynthesis

photosynthesis

process of turning sunlight, water, and CO2 to create food (sugars) and release oxygen as a byproduct

vascular tissue system

network of specialized tissues that transports water, minerals, and sugar

acts as a circulatory system for plant

cell wall

produces a primary cell well through mitosis & cytokinesis

newly formed cell wall makes middle layer (lamella)

lamella

middle layer of cell wall

composed of gel-like liquid (polysaccharide) that holds the plant together

cellulose

secondary cell wall

laid down in layers at right angles to each other

lignin

polymers that strengthen & waterproof the secondary wall of the plant so that there is no loss of moisture

vacuoles

membrane bound organelles that store water, nutrients, and waste products

tonoplast

membrane that surrounds vacuole

regulates what passes in and out of vacuole

pressure

cell tergal pressure

helps plant stand upright

blastids

group of organelles involved in photosynthesis & pigment synthesis

make & store food for the plant

chromoplast

yellow & orange pigment

leukoplast

colorless, stores starch

gives energy to the plant

epidermal cells

outermost layer of cell

helps protect cell from external environment & prevents water loss

waxy layer

periderm

protective layer that replaces epidermis ins stems & roots

guard cells

specialized epidermal cells that regulates opening & closing of stoma

control gas exchange & water loss

stoma

pores on the plants surface

carbon dioxide

used in photosynthesis

oxygen that is produced moves in & out of leaves through stoma

perichyma

composed of living cells with a thin, flexible cell wall forming the bark of small, cell parts like the stem, roots, and leaves

cholynchyma

type of plant tissue composed of living, elongated cells providing flexibility, support, and structure to the young plants because they cannot stand on their own/are fragile

chlerynchyma

plant tissue composed of dead cells which give mechanical support to mature plants (plants that have stopped growing)

xylem

transports water & nutrients to the leaves

phloem

conduction of food from leaves to all parts of plant (sugars & organic compounds) that are produced during photosynthesi