Nutrition and Exercise Science

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering essential vocabulary and definitions related to nutrition and exercise science.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts that provide energy and include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Essential vitamins and minerals required in small amounts for various metabolic processes.

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Average daily nutrient intake sufficient to meet the needs of most healthy individuals.

Adequate Intake (AI)

Recommended average daily nutrient intake level, used when RDA cannot be established.

Bioenergetics

Study of energy flow through living systems and the conversion of macronutrients into usable energy.

Catabolism

Metabolic process involving the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Anabolism

Metabolic process of building larger molecules from smaller ones, using energy released from catabolic reactions.

Glycemic Index (GI)

A ranking of carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to 100 based on their effect on blood glucose levels.

Endurance Athletes

Athletes who participate in prolonged physical activity; typically require higher carbohydrate intake.

Protein Digestibility-Correct Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

A method to evaluate protein quality based on digestibility and amino acid profile.

Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Hydration

The process of providing adequate fluids to maintain bodily functions and prevent dehydration.

Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body fat, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.

Alkaline Diet

A diet focused on consuming foods that promote alkalinity in the body, often emphasizing fruits and vegetables.

Functional Foods

Foods that have a positive effect on health beyond basic nutrition due to their bioactive compounds.

Ergogenic Aids

Substances or techniques that enhance physical performance and recovery.

Disordered Eating

Abnormal eating behaviors that can negatively impact one’s health and well-being.

Female Athlete Triad

A condition consisting of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis in female athletes.

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S)

A syndrome in athletes due to inadequate energy availability leading to physiological and health issues.

Nutrition Labels

Labels on food products that provide nutritional information including serving size, calories, and nutrients.