Animal Genetics

A cell with two pairs of each set of chromosomes is called

diploid cells

Diploid cells are typically found throughout the body tissues and are called

somatic cells

A cell with only one set of chromosomes is called

haploid cells

Haploid cells are found in the reproductive organs and are called

germ cells

Sperm and egg cells are called

gametes

A fertilized egg is a

zygote

A type of cell division that results in diploid cells

mitosis

A type of cell division that results in haploid cells

meiosis

When a sperm and egg combine it is called

fertilization

What is the diploid number for humans

46

What is the haploid number for humans

23

Matching chromosomes are called

homologous chromosome pairs

During prophase 1 of meiosis, these pairs form a tetrad in a process called

crossing over

When homologous chromosomes exchange genes it is called

crossing over

How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 1

2

How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis 2

4

During meiosis, chromosomes will split into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique, this is called

genetic recombination

The process by which sperm are made is called

spermatogenesis

The process by which eggs are made is called

Oogenesis

During the creation of an oocyte, 3 additional haploid cells are created that will not be fertilized, these cells are called

polar bodies

Where does replication take place

nucleus

Where does translation take place

ribosomes in the cytoplasm

What is made at the end of translation

protein

What is the role of mRNA

carries the message from nucleus to ribsome

What is the role of tRNA

brings amino acids to ribosome

What is the role of the ribosome

links amino acids together to form a peptide chain