CCMA Basic Anatomy & Physiology

Flexion (Ball and Socket/Elbow/Knee/Wrist)

Bending to bring body parts closer.

Extension (Ball and Socket/Elbow/Knee/Wrist)

Straightening to move body parts apart.

Abduction (Ball and Socket)

Moving a limb away from the body's center.

Adduction (Ball and Socket)

Moving a limb toward the body's center.

External rotation (Ball and Socket)

Turning a limb outward.

Internal rotation (Ball and Socket)

Turning a limb inward.

Elevation (Ball and Socket)

Lifting a body part up (shoulders).

Depression (Ball and Socket)

Lowering a body part down.

Circumduction (Ball and Socket)

Moving a limb in a full circle.

Inversion (Foot)

Turning sole of the foot inward.

Eversion (Foot)

Turning sole of the foot outward.

Lateral Flexion (Vertebral Column/Wrist)

Bending to the side.

Rotation (Vertebral Column)

Twisting left or right.

Pronation (Wrist/Body)

Face Down.

Supination (Wrist/Body)

Face Up.

Plantarflexion (Foot)

Pointing toes downward

Dorsiflexion (Foot)

Pointing toes upward

Organization of matter

Atoms, Molecules, Macromolecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

Anterior vs Posterior

Front vs back

Superior vs Inferior

Top vs bottom

Medial vs Lateral

Toward middle vs toward side

Proximal vs Distal

Closer to body vs farther from body

Superficial vs Deep

Closer to surface vs farther in

Coronal (Frontal) Body Plane

Front and Back

Sagittal Body Plane

Left and Right

Midsagittal Body Plane

Directly down the middle

Parasagittal Body Plane

Not down midline

Transverse Body Plane

Top and Bottom

Oblique

Odd Angle Plane

Abdominopelvic Regions 4 Quadrants

RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ are relative to the patient

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Right Hypochondriac

Upper right, under ribs

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Epigastric

Upper middle, above the stomach

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Left Hypochondriac

Upper left, under ribs

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Right Lumbar

Middle right, near waist

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Umbilical

Center, around belly button

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Left Lumbar

Middle left, near waist

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Right Iliac

Lower right, near hip bone

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Hypogastric

Lower middle, below belly button

(9 Abdominopelvic Regions) Left Iliac

Lower left, near hip bone

Number of Bones

206

Number of Muscle Pairs

320

Number of Vital Organs

5

Number of Cells

100 Trillion

Cerebrum

Controls thinking, memory, and movement

Cerebellum

Controls balance and coordination

Brainstem

Controls breathing, heartbeat, and digestion

Frontal lobe

Controls decision-making and movement

Parietal lobe

Processes touch and body position

Temporal lobe

Processes hearing and language

Occipital lobe

Processes vision

Hypothalamus

Controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature

Thalamus

Sends sensory signals to the brain

Pituitary gland

Releases hormones

Medulla oblongata

Controls automatic body functions

Pons

Helps with breathing and sleep

Corpus callosum

Connects left and right brain sides

Brain Anatomy

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Heart Anatomy

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Lungs Anatomy

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Mouth and Throat Anatomy

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Digestive Anatomy

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Reproductive Anatomy

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Mouth Function

Starts digestion by chewing and adding saliva

Esophagus Function

Moves food to the stomach

Stomach Function

Breaks down food with acid and enzymes

Small intestine Function

Absorbs most nutrients using villi

Large intestine Function

Absorbs water and forms waste

Rectum Function

Stores waste before it leaves the body

Anus Function

Releases waste

Liver Function

Makes bile to help digest fat

Gallbladder Function

Stores bile

Pancreas Function

Makes enzymes and Secretes insulin for digestion