4 - Group 2A

Proverbs 16:3

d. None

[ALKALINE EARTH METALS]

Group 2A except:

a. Alkaline earth metals

b. Valence is +2

c. Include Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

d. None

b. Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

[ALKALINE EARTH METALS]

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

a. Group 1A (Alkali Metals)

b. Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

c. Group 7A (Halogens)

d. Group 8A (Noble Gases)

b. Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

[ALKALINE EARTH METALS]

Valence is +2

a. Group 1A (Alkali Metals)

b. Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

c. Group 7A (Halogens)

d. Group 8A (Noble Gases)

b. Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

[ALKALINE EARTH METALS]

All ______ reduce water with the liberation of hydrogen & the formation of an alkaline solution EXCEPT Be

a. Group 1A (Alkali Metals)

b. Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

c. Group 7A (Halogens)

d. Group 8A (Noble Gases)

c. Be (Beryllium)

[ALKALINE EARTH METALS]

All Group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals) reduce water with the liberation of hydrogen & the formation of an alkaline solution EXCEPT _______

a. Mg (Magnesium)

b. Ca (Calcium)

c. Be (Beryllium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

a. Be (Beryllium)

[BERYLLIUM]

Most toxic metal thus never employed in medicine

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

a. Be (Beryllium)

[BERYLLIUM]

This metal is present in fluorescent lamp.

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

c. Both a and b

• Lung carcinoma

• Chronic granuloma

[BERYLLIUM]

Toxic effect of Beryllium (Be) include:

a. Lung carcinoma

b. Chronic granuloma

c. Both a and b

b. Mg

[MAGNESIUM]

Lightest of structurally important metals.

a. Be (Beryllium)
b. Mg (Magnesium)
c. Ca (Calcium)
d. Sr (Strontium)
e. Ba (Barium)
f. Ra (Radium)

b. Magnesium (Mg)

[MAGNESIUM]

2nd most abundant intracellular cation

a. Potassium (K)

b. Magnesium (Mg)

c. Sodium (Na)

d. Calcium (Ca)

e. None

📌True about Mg (Magnesium)

• Present in chlorophyll

• Flares

• Present in Grignard Reagent as Alkyl Mg Halide

• Come in the form of double salts

[MAGNESIUM]

True about Mg (Magnesium) except:

a. Present in chlorophyll

b. Flares

c. Present in Grignard Reagent as Alkyl Mg Halide

d. Come in the form of double salts

e. None

b. Magnesium (Mg)

[MAGNESIUM]

Component of chlorophyll for photosynthesis

a. Iron (Fe)

b. Magnesium (Mg)

c. Manganese (Mn)

d. Zinc (Zn)

d. a and b

• Alkyl Mg Halide

• Aryl Mg Halide

[MAGNESIUM]

Grignard reagent is composed of:

a. Alkyl Mg Halide

b. Aryl Mg Halide

c. Alkane Mg Halide

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. RMgX (Grignard's Reagent)

[MAGNESIUM]

Compound of Grignard's Reagent (RMgX) – used for alcohol synthesis

a. Mg(OH)₂

b. MgSO₄

c. RMgX

d. MgCl₂

a. Alcohol

[MAGNESIUM]

Grignard reagent (RMgX) is used in synthesis of:

a. Alcohol

b. Aldehyde

c. Carboxylic acid

d. Ketone

b. Magnesium (Mg)

[MAGNESIUM]

Cofactor of phosphate transferring enzymes

a. Calcium (Ca)

b. Magnesium (Mg)

c. Sodium (Na)

d. Chloride (Cl)

a. Magnesium (Mg)

[MAGNESIUM]

Constituent of bones and teeth

a. Magnesium (Mg)

b. Potassium (K)

c. Sodium (Na)

d. Sulfur (S)

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

[MAGNESIUM]

Talc contain:

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

c. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

d. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

[MAGNESIUM]

Asbestos contain:

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

c. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

d. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

[MAGNESIUM]

Megnesite contain:

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

c. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

d. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

[MAGNESIUM]

Dolomite contain:

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

c. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

d. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

a. Mg + Ca (Magnesium + Calcium)

[MAGNESIUM]

Dolomite:

a. Mg + Ca (Magnesium + Calcium)

b. Mg + Cu (Magnesium + Copper)

c. Mn + Ca (Manganese + Calcium)

d. Mn + Cu (Manganese + Copper)

c. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

[MAGNESIUM]

Kieserite contain:

a. Magnesium silicates (Mg silicates)

b. Magnesium carbonates (Mg carbonates)

c. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)

d. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

a. Magneson I (p-nitrobenzene resorcinol)

[MAGNESIUM]

Dyestuff to detect Mg ion forming a blue lake

a. Magneson I (p-nitrobenzene resorcinol)

b. Titan yellow

c. Eriochrome black T

d. Diphenylcarbazone

b. p-nitrobenzene resorcinol

[MAGNESIUM]

Magneson I is also known as ______

a. Titan yellow

b. p-nitrobenzene resorcinol

c. Eriochrome black T

d. Methyl red

b. Calcium gluconate

[MAGNESIUM]

Antidote of Magnesium (Mg) Poisoning

a. Sodium bicarbonate

b. Calcium gluconate

c. Potassium chloride

d. Magnesium sulfate

f. Stimulant — Mg is DEPRESSANT.

📌Uses of Magnesium (Mg)

• Laxative (PO)

• Cathartic

• Depressant

• Natural CCB (IM)

• Anticonvulsant

[MAGNESIUM]

Uses of Mg except:

a. Laxative (PO)

b. Cathartic

c. Depressant

d. Natural CCB (IM)

e. Anticonvulsant

f. Stimulant

b. Mg (Magnesium)

[MAGNESIUM]

Natural Ca channel blocker

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

c. Calcium (Ca)

2nd most abundant extracellular cation

a. Sodium (Na)

b. Potassium (K)

c. Calcium (Ca)

d. Magnesium (Mg)

c. Vitamin D

Vitamin needed for its maximum Calcium (Ca) absorption

a. Vitamin A

b. Vitamin C

c. Vitamin D

d. Vitamin K

c. Calcium (Ca)

Ion that plays a significant role in neurotransmitter release

a. Sodium (Na)

b. Potassium (K)

c. Calcium (Ca)

d. Magnesium (Mg)

b. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Hormone that controls Calcium (Ca) levels in the blood

a. Insulin

b. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

c. Thyroxine (T4)

d. Cortisol

d. All of the above

• Blood coagulation (Prothrombin → thrombin)

• Muscle contractant

• Release of NT (NE)

Uses of Calcium:
a. Blood coagulation (Prothrombin → thrombin)

b. Muscle contractant

c. Release of NT (NE)

d. All of the above

b. Prothrombin → Thrombin

Calcium is involved in blood coagulation through the conversion of:

a. Fibrinogen → Fibrin

b. Prothrombin → Thrombin

c. Plasminogen → Plasmin

d. Hemoglobin → Bilirubin

b. Muscle contractant

Calcium acts as a:

a. Muscle relaxant

b. Muscle contractant

c. Muscle paralytic

d. Muscle anesthetic

c. Ca²⁺ (Calcium)

Which ion plays a critical role in the release of norepinephrine (NE) from nerve terminals?

a. Na⁺ (Sodium)

b. K⁺ (Potassium)

c. Ca²⁺ (Calcium)

d. Cl⁻ (Chloride)

b. Calcium phosphate (Hydroxyapatite)

98-99% of bones and teeth is composed of:

a. Calcium carbonate

b. Calcium phosphate (Hydroxyapatite)

c. Calcium oxalate

d. Calcium gluconate

b. Calcium phosphate (Hydroxyapatite)

Form of Calcium (Ca) in bones and teeth.

a. Calcium carbonate

b. Calcium phosphate (Hydroxyapatite)

c. Calcium oxalate

d. Calcium gluconate

a. Apatite

CaF₂ · Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (Calcium fluorophosphate)

a. Apatite

b. Gypsum

c. Fluorite

d. Dolomite

e. Phosphate rock

c. Fluorite

CaF₂ (Calcium fluoride) which is a white precipitate.

a. Apatite

b. Gypsum

c. Fluorite

d. Dolomite

e. Phosphate rock

a. White precipitate

CaF₂ (Calcium fluoride) forms a:

a. White precipitate

b. Blue precipitate

c. Yellow precipitate

d. Brown precipitate

e. Phosphate rock

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (Tricalcium phosphate)

a. Apatite

b. Gypsum

c. Fluorite

d. Dolomite

e. Phosphate rock

d. Dolomite

MgCO₃ · CaCO₃ (Magnesium carbonate · Calcium carbonate)

a. Apatite

b. Gypsum

c. Fluorite

d. Dolomite

e. Phosphate rock

b. Gypsum

CaSO₄ (Calcium sulfate)

a. Apatite

b. Gypsum

c. Fluorite

d. Dolomite

e. Phosphate rock

c. Ca (Calcium)

Useful for the release of NT specifically Norepinephrine (NE)

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

a. Calcination

Addition of heat to CaCO₃ (Calcium carbonate)

a. Calcination

b. Slaking

c. Carbonation

a. Calcination

Synthesis of CaO (lime) and O2 from addition of heat to CaCO₃ (Calcium carbonate):

CaCO3 + Heat → CaO (lime) + O2

a. Calcination

b. Slaking

c. Carbonation

b. CaO + O₂ (Lime + Oxygen)

CaCO₃ + Heat → ______

a. CaO + CO₂ (Lime + Carbon dioxide)

b. CaO + O₂ (Lime + Oxygen)

c. Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂

d. CaC₂ + CO

a. Lime

CaO (Calcium oxide)

a. Lime

b. Slaked lime

c. Limestone

d. Gypsum

b. Slaking

Addition of water to CaO (Calcium oxide)

a. Calcination

b. Slaking

c. Carbonation

b. Slaking

Synthesis of slaked lime from addition of water to lime:

CaO + H2O —> Ca(OH)2

a. Calcination

b. Slaking

c. Carbonation

b. Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide)

CaO + H₂O → _______

a. CaCO₃ (Calcium carbonate)

b. Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide)

c. CaSO₄ (Calcium sulfate)

d. CaC₂ (Calcium carbide)

b. Slaked lime

Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide)

a. Lime

b. Slaked lime

c. Limestone

d. Gypsum

a. Lime water

Saturated solution of Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide) in water

a. Lime water

b. Lime

c. Slaked lime

d. All

c. Carbonation

CaO + CO2 —> CaCO3

a. Calcination

b. Slaking

c. Carbonation

a. CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)

What is added during carbonation?

a. CO₂ (Carbon dioxide)

b. CO₃ (Carbonate ion)

c. C (Carbon)

d. CO (Carbon monoxide)

d. Sr (Strontium)

Brass yellow

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

Can replace Ca (Calcium) in bone formation

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

b. Radioactive Strontium (Sr)

Used in diagnostics to scan and study bones

a. Radioactive Iodine (I-131)

b. Radioactive Strontium (Sr)

c. Radioactive Technetium (Tc-99m)

d. Radioactive Cobalt (Co-60)

b. Red pyrotechnics

Strontium (Sr) salts are used in:

a. Blue pyrotechnics

b. Red pyrotechnics

c. Green pyrotechnics

d. White pyrotechnics

b. Crimson red

The color produced by Strontium (Sr) flares

a. Green

b. Crimson red

c. Yellow

d. Blue

b. Hasten bone mineralization in diseases such as osteoporosis

Strontium (Sr) is used to _____

a. Slow down bone resorption

b. Hasten bone mineralization in diseases such as osteoporosis

c. Prevent calcium absorption

d. Increase blood calcium levels

b. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

Temperature desensitizing agent (Sensodyne®)

a. Sodium fluoride (NaF)

b. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

c. Potassium nitrate (KNO₃)

d. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

b. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

Sensodyne®

a. Sodium fluoride (NaF)

b. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

c. Potassium nitrate (KNO₃)

d. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

b. Strontium Lactate

Used in the treatment of osteoporosis

a. Strontium Chloride (SrCl₂)

b. Strontium Lactate

c. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)

d. Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO₄)

a. True

Barium (Ba) is “heavy”

a. True

b. False

b. Ca and Sr

Barium (Ba) forms insoluble phosphates with which elements?

a. Mg and Be

b. Ca and Sr

c. Ra and Mg

d. Be and Ca

e. Ba (Barium)

Used in diagnostics to scan and study bones

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

b. green pyrotechnics

Ba (Barium) salts are used in _____

a.red pyrotechnics

b. green pyrotechnics

c. blue pyrotechnics

d. yellow pyrotechnics

b. Baritosis

Ba (Barium) toxicity:

a. Argyria

b. Baritosis

c. Saturnism

d. Wilson's Disease

c. MgSO₄ (Epsom Salt)

Antidote for Ba (Barium) toxicity known as "Baritosis"

a. Calcium gluconate

b. Penicillamine

c. MgSO₄ (Epsom Salt)

d. Activated charcoal

a. Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄)

Radiopaque substance used for GIT imaging

a. Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄)

b. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)

c. Magnesium Citrate (Mg₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂)

d. Sodium Iodide (NaI)

b. Constipation

Barium Meal (Esophotrast®) causes which side effect?

a. Diarrhea

b. Constipation

c. Nausea

d. Vomiting

b. Barium meal

Esophotrast®

a. Barium enema

b. Barium meal

c. Barium swallow

d. Barium sulfate suspension

a. True

Barium Meal (Esophotrast®) is non-toxic since it is not soluble

a. True

b. False

b. Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)

Baryte

a. Barium sulfate (BaSO₄)

b. Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)

c. Barium carbonate (BaCO₃)

d. Barium chloride (BaCl₂)

b. Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)

Used as a CO2 adsorbent

a. Barium sulfate (BaSO₄)

b. Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)

c. Barium carbonate (BaCO₃)

d. Barium chloride (BaCl₂)

a. True

Radium (Ra) is “heavy”

a. True

b. False

f. Ra (Radium)

Discovered next to Polonium by Marie Curie

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

b. Marie Curie

Ra (Radium) is discovered by _____

a. Albert Einstein

b. Marie Curie

c. Henri Becquerel

d. Ernest Rutherford

f. Ra (Radium)

Most soluble hydroxide salt

a. Be (Beryllium)

b. Mg (Magnesium)

c. Ca (Calcium)

d. Sr (Strontium)

e. Ba (Barium)

f. Ra (Radium)

a. Green pyrotechnics

Ra (Radium) are used in _____

a. Green pyrotechnics

b. Red pyrotechnics

c. Cancer treatment (radiotherapy)

d. GIT imaging

c. Both a and b

• Ca radiotherapy

• Diagnostic purposes

Ra (Radium) radiactive form is used for:

a. Ca radiotherapy

b. Diagnostic purposes

c. Both a and b