body mechanics (ch 6+10+11+21)

ange of motion (ROM)

exercises that move a joint through its full range of motion.

active range of motion (AROM)

exercises performed independently by the person.

active assisted range of motion (AAROM)

exercises performed with some assistance from another person.

passive range of motion (PROM)

exercises performed entirely by a caregiver.

abduction

moving a body part away from the body's midline.

adduction

moving a body part toward the body's midline.

extension

straightening a body part.

flexion

bending a body part.

dorsiflexion

bending a body part backward.

rotation

turning a joint around its axis.

pronation

turning the palm or body part downward.

supination

turning the palm or body part upward.

opposition

touching the thumb to another finger.

paralysis

loss of the ability to move part or all of the body, often with loss of feeling.

fracture

a broken bone.

disorientation

confusion about person, place, or time.

scalds

burns caused by hot liquids.

abrasion

an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin.

oxygen therapy

the administration of oxygen to increase oxygen levels in the lungs.

combustion

the process of burning.

flammable

easily ignited and burns quickly.

restraint

a physical or chemical method used to restrict movement or behavior.

suffocation

the stopping of breathing due to lack of oxygen or excess carbon dioxide.

atrophy

the wasting away and weakening of muscles from lack of use.

restraint-free care

care in which restraints are not used.

restraint alternatives

methods used instead of restraints to reduce the need for restraints.

body mechanics

the way the body moves and works together during movement.

posture

the way a person holds and positions the body.

lever

an object that moves another object by resting on a base of support.

baseline

an initial measurement used for comparison with future measurements.

dorsal recumbent

lying flat on the back with knees bent and feet flat on the bed.

lithotomy

lying on the back with hips at the edge of the exam table, legs bent, and feet in stirrups.

knee-chest

lying on the abdomen with knees pulled toward the chest, legs apart, arms bent, and head turned to one side.

positioning

helping a person into positions that promote comfort and health.

supine

lying flat on the back.

lateral

lying on either side of the body.

prone

lying flat on the stomach.

Fowler's

a semi-sitting position with the head and shoulders elevated 45 to 60 degrees.

-high = 60-90

-semi = 30-45

Sims'

lying on the left side with the upper knee bent toward the chest.

draw sheet

an extra sheet used to move a person without causing shearing.

shearing

injury caused when the skin moves one way while the bone underneath stays still or moves in the opposite direction.

logrolling

moving a person as one unit while keeping the body properly aligned.

dangle

sitting on the side of the bed with the legs hanging down to regain balance and stabilize blood pressure.

ergonomics

the science of designing work and equipment to improve safety and efficiency.

transfer belt

a sturdy belt used to help weak or unsteady people transfer or walk safely.

slide board

a board used to help transfer people who cannot bear weight on their legs; also called a transfer board.

ambulation

the act of walking or moving with or without an assistive device.

ambulatory

able to walk or move.

C cane

a straight cane with a curved handle.

functional grip cane

a cane with a straight grip handle.

quad cane

a cane with four rubber-tipped feet for extra stability.

walker

a walking aid with four legs and/or wheels used by people who need extra balance and support.

bedbound residents

**repositoned every 2 hours

residents in wheelchairs/chairs

**reposioited every 1hr