Anatomy - joints and bone formation quiz

hyaline cartilage

the material the fetal skeleton is made from

ossification

the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts

osteoblasts

bone forming cells, deposited into the bone matrix when calcium levels are high

osteoclasts

bone destroying cells, deposited into the bone matrix when calcium levels are low

medullary cavity

forms when bone forms around hyaline cartilage and digests away the cartilage, is found in the middle of long bones

epiphyseal plates

growth plates, bands of cartillage in the epiphyses that are constantly reproducing in young long bones

calcium

the element that makes your bones strong

closed/simple fracture

a clean break that remains inside the body (does not penetrate skin)

open/compound fracture

a break that breaks through the skin allowing the bone to be visible outside of the body

closed reduction

fracture is treated with splinting or casting, no surgery required

open reduction

fracture requires surgical realignment, often using screws or plates

healing time for fractures

6-8 weeks for simple fractures, longer for long bones or bones of elderly

joints

functional junctions between bones

fibrous joint

found between bones that closely contact one another, immoveable, found between bones of skull

cartilaginous joints

disks of cartilage that connect bones, allow limited movement, found between vertebrae of spine

synovial joints

more complex and free moving, most numerous joints of the body, several different types

ball and socket joint

type of synovial joint, ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped cavity of another, movements in all planes and rotation, found in shoulder and hip

condyloid joint

type of synovial joint, oval-shaped condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another, variety of movements but no rotation, found between metacarpals and phalanges

gliding/plane joint

type of synovial joint, articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curves, sliding or twisting movement, found in wrists and ankle

hinge joint

type of synovial joint, convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another, flexion and extension movements, found in elbow, phalanges, and knee

pivot joint

type of synovial joint, cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament, rotation movement around a central axis, found in between atlas and dens, neck and head

saddle joint

type of synovial joint, articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions, variety of movements mainly in 2 planes, found in the thumb