Terms & Questions (Cram)

What is the largest organ in the body?

Skin

What four tissue types does the integumentary system contain?

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Muscle

4. Nervous

What are the six functions of the skin?

1. Protection

2. Maintenance of homeostasis

3. Vitamin D production

4. Storage

5. Sensory perception

6. Social recognition

What are the three layers of the integument from outermost to innermost?

1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

3. Hypodermis

What kind of cells make up the epidermis?

Stratified squamous epithelium

What process do epidermis cells undergo as they move from the bottom to the top of the layer

Keratinization

What structure glues the epidermis and the dermis together?

Basement membrane

What four structures does the dermis contain?

1. Nerves

2. Blood vessels

3. Glands

4. Hair follicles

What are hair follicles lined with?

Epidermis

What is another name for the hypodermis layer?

Subcutaneous tissue

Cells of the epidermis that produce a tough, waterproof protein

Keratinocytes

Cells of the epidermis that produce a dark pigment in the form of granules

Melanocytes

Where do the granules produced by melanocytes go?

Into the intercellular space, then they are absorbed by keratinocytes

Cells of the epidermis that migrate from the bone marrow and phagocytize foreign materials and invaders

Langerhans cells

Cells of the epidermis that live in small numbers next to the basement membrane, they are involved in the sensation of touch

Merkel cells

Layer of epidermis cells next to the basement membrane, only one cell thick

Stratum basale

What are the two types of cells other than epithelial cells found in the stratum basale?

1. Melanocytes

2. Merkel cells

What is the main function of the stratum basale?

Producing new cells which migrate to the skin surface

Layer of epidermis cells located directly above the stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

What kind of cell other than epithelial cells are found in the stratum spinosum?

Langerhans' cells

Layer of epidermis cells located in the middle of the epidermis

Stratum granulosum

What is the middle layer of the epidermis composed of?

Two to four layers of keratinocytes

Epidermis layer that is seen only in very thick skin (ex. paw pads)

Stratum lucidum

Outermost layer of the epidermis that constantly flakes off

Stratum corneum

What are the three functions of the basement membrane?

1. Glues the epidermis to the dermis

2. Prevents stratum basale from producing new cells downwards

3. Helps heal wounds

Which is the thickest and strongest layer of the integument?

Dermis

What kind of tissue is the dermis composed of?

Very fibrous connective tissue

What layer have you reached if you bleed from a cut to the skin?

Dermis

Layer of the dermis that is thin and lies just beneath the basement membrane, where pain and temperature receptors are

Papillary layer

Projections in the papillary layer which extend into the epidermis and help hold it in place and provide greater access to blood vessel for the epithelial cells

Dermal papillae

Deepest layer of the dermis that is thick and tough

Reticular layer

Deepest layer of the integument

Hypodermis

What kind of tissue is the hypodermis mainly composed of?

Adipose tissue

Anatomically correct term for the colour of the skin?

Pigmentation

What is the purpose of melanin?

Protects keratinocytes from UV rays

What is the function of the sweat glands on the bottom of paw pads?

To leave a scent

Tissue that makes up the outer part of the nose, has only three epidermal layers

Planum nasale

Does the wetness or dryness of the nose tell you about the health of the animal?

No

Dark, horny structures found on the legs of horses and sometimes cattle

Chestnuts

Part of the hair that is visible above the skin

Shaft

Part of the hair that is below the skin

Root

Indentation of the epidermis into the dermis that anchors hair

Hair follicle

Deepest part of the hair follicle, that has epithelial cells that produce the hair

Hair bulb

Is hair keratinized?

Yes

Follicle with a number of hair strands emerging from the one pore

Compound follicle

One long hair growing out of a compound follicle

Guard hair

Number of shorter hairs growing out of a compound follicle

Undercoat hairs

What are two other names for undercoat hairs?

1. Satellite hairs

2. Secondary hairs

What is another name for a guard hair?

Primary hair

Stage of hair growth cycle in which the hair grows and gets longer

Anagen phase

Stage of hair growth cycle in which the hair stops growing and the follicle begins to shorten

Catagen phase

Stage of hair growth cycle in which the hair is resting at its maximum length

Telogen phase

Special hairs which have more than normal sensory nerve supply

Tactile hairs

Small muscles attached to each hair follicle to raise and lower the hair

Arrector pili muscles

Glands that secrete oils onto the surface of the skin

Sebaceous glands

Anatomically correct name for the oils secreted by sebaceous glands

Sebum

Glands that secrete sweat

Sudoriferous glands

Gland located on the dorsal side of the tail in dogs

Tail gland

Glands located just inside the anus that produces a disgusting smelling secretion

Anal glands

What is a dog dragging its rear on a carpet a symptom of?

Anal glands that are too full, they will need to be expressed