practical 1+2- axial skeleton (vertebrae, sacrum, sternum, ribs)

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116 Terms

1
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cervical

cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?

<p>cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?</p>
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atlas

what is the first cervical vertebrae called?

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axis

the second cervical vertebrae is called the___

4
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cervical

the head and fossa are most prominent on which type of vertebrae, thoracic, lumbar, or cervical?

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short

describe the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae

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ruminant

this is the atlas of which type of animal?

<p>this is the atlas of which type of animal?</p>
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atlas

what is the name of this vertebrae?

<p>what is the name of this vertebrae?</p>
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horse

this is the atlas of a...

<p>this is the atlas of a...</p>
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equine- 3 pairs of foramen (alar, transverse, lateral)
ruminant- 2 pairs of foramen (alar, transverse)
carnivore- alar NOTCH instead of foramen

explain the differences between the atlas of an equine, ruminant, and carnivore

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movement of the head and neck

function of the atlas

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occipital condyles of the skull and the axis

the atlas articulates with the...

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C

which belongs to a carnivore?

<p>which belongs to a carnivore?</p>
13
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alar notch

what is labeled 2?

<p>what is labeled 2?</p>
14
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axis

this vertebrae is called...

<p>this vertebrae is called...</p>
15
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the dens of the axis

what is number 3?

<p>what is number 3?</p>
16
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the dens of the axis and the fovea of the dens of the atlas

the axis and atlas articulate at which point?

17
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lateral foramen and tranverse foramen

7 and 8 label the...

<p>7 and 8 label the...</p>
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carnivore

by looking at the dens, you can tell this axis belongs to a ...

<p>by looking at the dens, you can tell this axis belongs to a ...</p>
19
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the axis has a much more prominent spinous process

how can you differentiate the spinous processes of the axis and the atlas?

20
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ruminant

in which animal group is the spinous process of the axis not bifurcated?

21
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2

the dens is at which number?

<p>the dens is at which number?</p>
22
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fossa

the red line labels the...

<p>the red line labels the...</p>
23
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left- ruminant
right- equine

which is ruminant and which is equine?

<p>which is ruminant and which is equine?</p>
24
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dens

2 labels the...

<p>2 labels the...</p>
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3

which is the spinous process?

<p>which is the spinous process?</p>
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transverse processes

4 labels the...

<p>4 labels the...</p>
27
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cranial articular process

what is 1?

<p>what is 1?</p>
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cranial articular process

what is at 4?

<p>what is at 4?</p>
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3

the spinous process is at which number?

<p>the spinous process is at which number?</p>
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cervical

cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?

<p>cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?</p>
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transverse process

5 labels the...

<p>5 labels the...</p>
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head

1 labels the

<p>1 labels the</p>
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thoracic

cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?

<p>cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?</p>
34
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connect the ribs to the sternum, and transmit weight to the limbs

what is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?

35
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7 in all animals

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

36
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18

how many thoracic vertebrae in a horse?

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13

a ruminant has how many thoracic vertebrae?

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13

a carnivore has how many thoracic vertebrae?

39
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cervical- 7
thoracic- 18
lumbar- 5/6

number of vertebrae in equine, by section

40
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cervical- 7
thoracic- 13
lumbar- 6

number of vertebrae in ruminant, by section

41
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cervical- 7
thoracic- 13
lumbar- 7

number of vertebrae in carnivore, by section

42
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short

the body of the thoracic vertebrae is..

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carnivore

in thoracic vertebrae, the accessory processes only exist in which animal?

44
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thoracic

which vertebrae, lumbar, cervical, or thoracic, have the longest spinous process?

45
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thoracic

lumbar, thoracic, or cervical?

<p>lumbar, thoracic, or cervical?</p>
46
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thoracic

lumbar, thoracic, or cervical?

<p>lumbar, thoracic, or cervical?</p>
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mammalary

which process?

<p>which process?</p>
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cranially

the mammalary processes point cranially or caudally?

<p>the mammalary processes point cranially or caudally?</p>
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rib insertion

the cranial and caudal costal fovea on the thoracic vertebrae are for...

50
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cranial articular processes

the circles label the

<p>the circles label the</p>
51
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cranial and caudal costal fovea

thoracic vertebrae: 4 and 6 are the

<p>thoracic vertebrae: 4 and 6 are the</p>
52
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9

where is the cranial articular facet

<p>where is the cranial articular facet</p>
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10

where is the caudal articular facet

<p>where is the caudal articular facet</p>
54
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4- cranial
5- caudal

locate the cranial and caudal costal fovea

<p>locate the cranial and caudal costal fovea</p>
55
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last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae

the mammalary and accessory processes only exist on which vertebrae?

56
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carnivore, accessory processes

this thoracic vertebrae belongs to a _____ because of its presence of ______

<p>this thoracic vertebrae belongs to a _____ because of its presence of ______</p>
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body

1 points to the ____

<p>1 points to the ____</p>
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caudally

the accessory processes point ___

59
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allows transmission of motor impulses

function of the lumbar vertebrae

60
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5/6

how many lumbar vertebrae in a horse?

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6

how many lumbar vertebrae in a ruminant?

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7

how many lumbar vertebrae in a carnivore?

63
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lumbar

cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?

<p>cervical, thoracic, or lumbar?</p>
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costiforms

the transverse processes in lumbar vertebrae are called ___

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flat, long, wide

describe the appearance of the transverse processes in lumbar vertebrae

66
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sacrum

the last lumbar vertebrae articulates with the ____

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the transverse processes point cranially

how can you distinguish carnivore vertebrae?

<p>how can you distinguish carnivore vertebrae?</p>
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joined together

in the lumbar vertebrae (except the first two), the mammallary and accessory processes are ___

69
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caudal articular process

in this picture of the thoracic vertebrae, if the left side is cranial, then what is the name of the process at 4?

<p>in this picture of the thoracic vertebrae, if the left side is cranial, then what is the name of the process at 4?</p>
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cranial articular process

in this picture of the thoracic vertebrae, if the left side is cranial, then what is the name of the process at 3?

<p>in this picture of the thoracic vertebrae, if the left side is cranial, then what is the name of the process at 3?</p>
71
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5- mamillary
6- accessory

in this picture of the thoracic vertebrae, if the left side is cranial, then what is the name of the processes at 5 and 6?

<p>in this picture of the thoracic vertebrae, if the left side is cranial, then what is the name of the processes at 5 and 6?</p>
72
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sacrum

this is the ____

<p>this is the ____</p>
73
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the last lumbar vertebrae, the first caudal vertebrae, and the hip bone (ileum)

what 3 bones does the sacrum articulate with?

74
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sacrum

the fusion of the sacral vertebrae creates the____

75
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3

how many sacral vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum of a carnivore?

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5

how many sacral vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum of an equine?

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4-5

how many sacral vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum of a ruminant?

78
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median sacral crest

in the sacrum, the fusion of the spinous processes create the ___

79
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the median sacral crest, formed by the fusion of the spinous processes

what crest is at #3, and what is it formed by?

<p>what crest is at #3, and what is it formed by?</p>
80
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intermediate sacral crest, formed by the fusion of the articular processes

what crest is at 4? what is it formed by?

<p>what crest is at 4? what is it formed by?</p>
81
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ruminants

the intermediate sacral crest only exists in which animals?

82
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the lateral sacral crest, formed by the fusion of the transverse processes

what crest is at 5? what is it formed by?

<p>what crest is at 5? what is it formed by?</p>
83
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1

at what number are the sacral wings?

<p>at what number are the sacral wings?</p>
84
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the articular surface for the ilium

what is at number 2?

<p>what is at number 2?</p>
85
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dorsal sacral foramina

the circles represent the ____

<p>the circles represent the ____</p>
86
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transverse lines of sacrum

the lines on this pelvic surface represent____

<p>the lines on this pelvic surface represent____</p>
87
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ventral sacral foramina

on the pelvic surface of the sacrum, the circles represent the ____

<p>on the pelvic surface of the sacrum, the circles represent the ____</p>
88
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equine
the only partially fused spinous processes and the triangular wings

you can distinguish this as a ______ sacrum because of ______

<p>you can distinguish this as a ______ sacrum because of ______</p>
89
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ruminant
fully fused spinous processes, rectangular wings, intermediate sacral crest

this sacrum belongs to a _______, because ______

<p>this sacrum belongs to a _______, because ______</p>
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carnivore
thin, fused spinous processes; vertical wings

this is a _____ sacrum, because _____

<p>this is a _____ sacrum, because _____</p>
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the sacral wings

at the cranial end, the sacrum articulates with the ileum with which surface?

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the cranial articulate process

at the cranial end, the sacrum articulates with the last lumbar vertebrae with which surface?

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base

the cranial portion of the sacrum is called the ___

<p>the cranial portion of the sacrum is called the ___</p>
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the apex

what is the caudal portion of the sacrum called?

<p>what is the caudal portion of the sacrum called?</p>
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the sternum

what is the ventral bone that the ribs articulate with?

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sternebrae joined by cartilage

the sternum is formed by ...

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manubrium

the cranial portion of the sternum is called the...

<p>the cranial portion of the sternum is called the...</p>
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xiphoid process

the caudal portion of the sternum is called the...

<p>the caudal portion of the sternum is called the...</p>
99
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a ruminant
7 sternebrae, it is flattened dorsoventrally

what animal does this sternum belong to? why?

<p>what animal does this sternum belong to? why?</p>
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carnivore
8 unfused sternebrae in a thin shape

what animal does this sternum belong to? why?

<p>what animal does this sternum belong to? why?</p>