AP Chem Gas Laws: Unit 8
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22 Terms
Boyle’s law states:
at constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
what is Boyle’s law used to calculate?
the new pressure or volume after one of these variables has been changed
what is the combined gas law?
a mix of Boyles, Charles’s and Guy-Lussac’s laws.
standard temperature refers to a temperature of…
273 degrees K
standard pressure refers to a pressure of…
101.3 kPa
what is vapour pressure?
the pressure exerted by the vapour of a substance
the vapour pressure of a substance depends on…
its chemical structure, and the temperature of the substance
what is the boiling point of a substance?
the temperature at which the substances vapour pressure reaches atmospheric pressure
liquids that have high vapour pressure will evaporate…
very readily and are said to be volatile
what is Dalton’s law of partial pressure
the total pressure of a mixture of gasses is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
what are the Postulates of the kinetic molecular theory?
volume of gas particles can be assumed to be negligible relative to thew space between them.
Gas particles are in constant motion. gas particles colliding with the walls of their container produce pressure
gas particles neither attract nor repel one another
the average kinetic energy of gas sample is directly proportional too the temperature of the gas in kelvin degrees
what is the mean free path?
the average distance a particle travels between collisions in a sample of gas.
what is diffusion?
the mixing of one gas through another
what is effusion?
the passage of gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber. it measures the speed at which gas is transferred into the chamber.
what’s Graham’s Law of effusion?
States the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.
what is a solution?
a homogenous mixture that exists in one phase, it has a uniform composition throughout.
what is a solution made up of?
solute and a solvent
what is the solute?
the substance that is dished in the solvent.
what is a solvent
substance that dissolves one or more solutes in a solution
what does miscible mean?
they are soluble in any proportion
what does immiscible mean?
can exist in any of the three phases.