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Atom
Basic unit of matter
Element
Pure substances that consist entirely of one type of atom
Isotope
Atoms of the same elements that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
Compound
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements
Ionic bond
When one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Ions
Positively or negatively charged atoms
Covalent bond
When one or more electrons are shared
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
Attraction between molecules of different substances
Capillary Action
Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces like gravity
Heat Capacity
The amount of energy needed to raise a substance's temperature by making its molecules move faster
Monomers
Smaller units used to make polymers
Polymers
Larger units made up of monomers
Polymerization
A chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer
Carbohydrate
Made up of C, H, and O Store and release energy
Lipids
Mostly C and H Store energy, form biological membranes
Nucleic Acids
Made of nucleotides Store and transmit genetic information
Protein
Made of amino acids Repair muscle tissue, control reactions, regulate cell processes
Reactants
Elements or compounds that engage in a chemical reaction
Products
Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
Activation energy
The energy required to start a reaction
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
Lock-and-key model
The active site of an enzyme is shaped to hold specific substrates
Induced-fit model
The active site and substrate don't fit perfectly; instead, they both can change their shape to connect
Solute
Material that gets dissolved- smaller quantities
Solvent
Material that does the dissolving - larger quantities
Note
Flashcard