Mader's A & P Chapter 5 Integumentary System

Cutaneous membrane

Pertaining to the skin

Dermis

Thick skin layer that lies beneath the epidermis

Epidermis

Organism's outer layer of cells

Free nerve endings

Sensory receptors that provide sensations of pain and temperature

Hypodermis

Mainly composed of fat, this loose layer is directly beneath the dermis: subcutaneous

Integument

Pertaining to the skin

Integumentary system

pertaining to the skin and its accessory organs

Keratin

Insoluble protein present in the epidermis and in epidermal derivatives, such as hair and nails

Keratinocytes

Most numerous cells in the stratum basale, making up approximately 95% of the cells in this layer

Langerhans cells

Specialized epidermal cells that assist the immune system

Melanin

Pigment found in the skin and hair of humans that is responsible for coloration

Melanocytes

Melanin-producing cell, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Merkel cells

Cells that signal the brain that an object has touched the skin; also called tactile cells

Stratum basale

Deepest layer of the epidermis, where cell division occurs

Stratum corneum

Uppermost keratinized layer of the epidermis

stratum granulosum

Layer of the epidermis found beneath stratum lucidum; contain more keratin than stratum spinosum cells

Stratum lucidum

Layer of epidermis that is found only in thick skin

Stratum spinosum

Layer of the epidermis found beneath stratum granulosum; provides strength and flexibility to the skin

Subcutaneous tissue

Tissue beneath the dermis that ends to contain fat cells

Tactile cells

Cells that signal the brain that an object has touched the skin; also called Merkel cells

Albinism

Genetic disorder characterized by a defect in pigment production

Decubitus ulcer

Skin sore due to restricted blood flow to the area in bedridden patients; also called a bedsore

Hypodermic needle

Slender, hollow instrument for introducing material into or removing material from or below the skin

Psoriasis

Disease in which the immune system becomes overactive, causing skin cells to multiply too quickly.

Subcutaneous injection

Introduction of a substance beneath the skin, using a syringe

Arrector pili

Smooth muscle in the skin associated with a hair follicle

Hair

Consists of a cylindrical shaft and a root, which is contained in a flask like depression in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Hair follicles

Tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops

Hair matrix

Structure containing hair follicle cells; located at base of hair

Lunula

Pale, half-moon-shaped area at the base of nails

Mammary glands

Milk-secreting gland that develops within the breast in pregnancy and lactation; only minimally developed in the breast of a nonpregnant or non lactating woman

Sebaceous glands

Gland of the skin that secretes sebum

Sebum

Oily secretion of the sebaceous glands

Sweat glands

Skin gland that secretes a fluid substance for evaporative cooling; also called sudoriferous gland

Acne vulgaris

Inflammation of sebaceous glands; the common form of acne

Alopecia

Loss of hair

Androgenetic alopecia

Hair loss caused by excessive testosterone formation

Hirsutism

Excessive body and facial hair in women

Hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temperature

Hypothermia

Abnormally low body temperature

Rickets

Defective mineralization of the skeleton, usually due to inadequate vitamin D in the body

Athlete's foot

Skin disease caused by fungal infection, usually of the toes and soles of the foot

Basal cell carcinoma

Form of skin cancer that begins in the epidermis and rarely metastasizes but has the capacity to invade local tissues

Candidiasis

Caused by a yeast organism, which develops in moist areas such as the diaper area in infants.

Dandruff

Skin disorder characterized by flaking, itchy scalp; caused by accelerated keratinization of the scalp

Eczema

Form of non contagious dermatitis that begins with itchy red patches that thicken and crust over

Impetigo

Contagious skin disease caused by bacteria in which vesicles erupt and crust over

Kaposi's sarcoma

A form of skin cancer that is most commonly seen in patients with AIDS, and in others whose immune system defenses are weakened or nonfunctional

Melanoma

Deadly form of skin cancer that begins in the melanocytes, pigment cells present in the epidermis

Mole

Raised growth on the skin due to an overgrowth of melanocytes

Shock

A state of profound depression of the vital processes of the body that is characterized by pallor, rapid but weak pulse, rapid and shallow respiration, reduced total blood volume, and low blood pressure; usually is caused by severe allergic reactions, injuries, hemorrhage, burns, or major surgery

Squamous cell carcinoma

Type of skin cancer that occurs in the epidermis; has warty appearance, bleeds, and /or forms a scab

Urticaria

Skin eruption characterized by the development of welts as a result of capillary dilation

Warts

Raised growth on the skin due to a viral infection