Evaluating Conservative Theories

Functionalism

A sociological theory that views religion as contributing to social values and integration.

Strengths of Functionalism

Religious beliefs are viewed as social values, underpinning aspects of social life such as law, education, family life, and festivals.

Weaknesses of Functionalism

Declining church attendance in Western societies makes it difficult to see how churches socialize individuals into morality and social integration.

Marxism

A sociological theory that critiques religion as serving the interests of the ruling class and maintaining social order.

Strengths of Marxism

Historically, religion prevented working-class revolution by promoting spiritual enlightenment; strong ties exist between the ruling class and religion in the UK.

Weaknesses of Marxism

Some religions have catalyzed radical social change and helped marginalized groups, and it neglects the impact of secularization on religious influence.

Secularization

The process by which religious institutions and beliefs lose their social significance.

Methodism

A form of Christianity that prevented working-class revolution in 19th century Britain by offering spiritual enlightenment.