Lecture 8: Molecular vs. Empirical Formula, Bonding, and Lewis Dot Structures

empirical formula

the simplest formula for a compound that agrees with the element analysis and give rise to the smallest set of whole numbers of atoms

molecular formula

the chemical formula of a compound as it exists

titration

an acid's molar mass can be determined by _____ (a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete)

chemical bond

the force of attraction between any 2 atoms in a compound; form because they lower the potential energy between positive and negative particles; attraction force overcomes the repulsion of positively charged nuclei of the two atoms participating in the bond

Lewis structure

a structure that shows the valence electrons of atoms in a bond through dots as unpaired electrons or lines representing bonds between atoms

lattice energy

the measure of the strength of bonds in an ionic compound, how likely atoms are to form an ionic compound; the greater it is, the more stable the compound is

electron sea model of metallic bonding

proposes that: (1) all metal atoms in the sample contribute their valence electron to form a delocalized electron "sea," (2) metal "ions" (nuclei with core electrons) lie in an orderly array within this mobile sea, (3) all the atoms in the sample share the electrons, and (4) the metal is held together by the attraction between the metal "cations" and the "sea" of valence electrons