Psych of Aging Exam

A researcher asks couples in their 70s to think back on their marriages and say which period had been the happiest in their married lives. Which period, on average, are these adults likely to say was the happiest?

when all children left home

According to your textbook, at which age period should you expect to find the highest density of shifts in social roles?

Early adulthood

During which age period is the highest density of shifts in social roles found?

young adulthood

In a normative adult life pattern, the stage of the family life cycle that is most likely to correspond to peak job satisfaction is _______.

middle adulthood

Analyses of marriage and cohabitation rates in the United States over the past several decades suggest that among young people in their early 20s, ________.

Marriage rates have declined, cohabitation rates increased

Which of the following BEST describes the findings on the relationship between social involvement and life satisfaction among adults over age 65?

the most socially active adults are typically the happiest

Which of the following best describes the findings on the relationship between social involvement and life satisfaction among adults aged 20–39?

those who lack friendships have more depressive symptoms

Which of the following BEST describes the current research information on the impact of the "empty nest" stage on adults? 

Neither men nor women show widespread negative reactions: marital satisfaction typically increases

Which of the following is true when it comes to using Facebook?

Older adults Facebook friends consist of more family members and fewer friends compared to their younger counterparts

For older adults, ________ is a cause of higher overall life satisfaction

social environment

Research has shown that IQ, from childhood into older adulthood

very stable

At a dinner party, you hear someone make the following statement: "Religion doesn't do any good for anyone. Religious people are no healthier, and die at the same ages as do nonreligious people." According to the evidence given in the text, how should you reply?

You're quite wrong, research shows religious people are healthier and live longer

Bjorklund noted that there is an increase in spirituality during adulthood, but the timing depends on:

gender

Dementia caused by ____________ is the most prevalent type of dementia.

Alzheimers

When researchers measured adult attachment styles, they found that almost have rated themselves as ________.

secure

On which type of memory test do adults show the MOST loss of skill with age?

working memory

When you look up a phone number and say it over to yourself once so that you can dial the whole number without having to check it again, what part of the memory system are you relying on?

short-term memory

Research on memory in adulthood has documented clear age-related changes in all of the following domains, except:

procedural memory

Early gender roles in partnerships, before children are born, are more ______ than they will be when the partners are parenting. 

egalitarian

On which of the following types of tests do adults retain the most skill well into old age?

unspeeded and crystallized

When speaking of the type of intelligence based on education and experience, Horn and Cattell refer to

crystallized intelligence

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding crystallized and fluid forms of intelligence?

Crystallized intelligence is generally maintained well into late adulthood

Which of the following would be considered a measure of crystallized intelligence?

vocabulary test

Which of the following would be considered a “fluid” ability?

response speed

Dr. Mendez was giving an invited address on the topic of dating among college students. She stated that people begin with a large pool of potential mates and gradually eliminate those who do not fit our specifications. She was clearly describing ________ of mate selection.

filter theory

Fifteen-year-old Jack, when asked about various moral dilemmas, says “Well, I think if my parents think something is right, it must be okay.” In Kohlberg’s category system, Jack is reasoning at the _______ level.

conventional

Miguel, who is 22, thinks that breaking the law is sometimes okay, especially if it is done in the name of civil disobedience, such as to try to change a law that discriminates against Hispanics. In Kohlberg's category system, Miguel is reasoning at the:

-postconventional (principled) level

"I grew up in the Baptist church, and I'm still a Baptist. My ideas have really not changed at all. I find comfort by going to church; I find comfort in the Bible. It all seems pretty clear to me." Which of Fowler's stages of faith does this statement most reflect?

Synthetic-conventional

Teresa, who is in her early 30s, was arrested after participating in a sit-in as part of a protest march. She says, “I know what I did is against the law; 99 percent of the time I think a person should obey the law, because otherwise we’d have chaos. But sometimes laws are wrong, and I have to disobey them in order to try to change them.” In Kohlberg’s category system, Teresa is reasoning at the _______ level

principled

Which of the following stages in Loevinger’s theory of ego development most closely corresponds to the stage of synthetic-conventional faith in Fowler’s model?

conformist

Theorists of attachment suggest that in childhood we each create a sort of template of relationships that is applied to later interactions. Such a template is called _______. 

internal working model

If an adult said, “What I learned at home and in my church is what I live by. The approval of my friends and the stability of my family matter the most to me,” this adult is most likely functioning at which level or stage in Loevinger’s model of ego development? 

conformist

“I grew up in the Baptist church, but when I went off to college, I really had to question all the ideas I’d been given as a child and as a teenager. For a while I called myself an atheist. But now I find myself drawn back to the Baptists. It just seems to me that the church offers answers to questions I’ve been asking myself.” Which of Fowler’s stages of faith does this statement most reflect?

individuative-reflective 

The highest stage of faith Fowler proposes he calls _______

universalizing

The key feature of unsuccessful marriages (those most likely to end in divorce), according to Gottman’s research, is _______.

high ratio of displeasing to pleasing interactions