Anatomy part 3 Introduction to Skeletal System and Joint Movement Terminology

Flashcards testing terminology for planes of movement, anatomical locations, and individual joint movement definitions from the lecture transcript.

Into what halves does the sagittal plane divide the human body?

The sagittal plane divides the body into a left and a right half.

What are the alternative names for the coronal plane and how does it divide the body?

The coronal plane is also known as the frontal or lateral plane, and it divides the body into a front half (aspect) and a back half.

How does the axial or transverse plane divide the body?

The axial or transverse plane divides the body into a top half and a bottom half.

Which plane movement imbalances are most critical regarding direct site-of-injury issues during exercise prescription?

Imbalances in the sagittal plane (left and right) and frontal plane (front and back) tend to cause injuries right at the site of the imbalance.

What fundamental rule distinguishes joints from muscles during body motion?

Joints move, but muscles contract.

How are the anatomical terms "proximal" and "distal" defined?

Proximal refers to a position or end closer to the trunk or spine (axial skeleton), whereas distal refers to a position further from that structure.

How are the directional anatomical terms "superior" and "inferior" defined?

Superior means directly towards the cranium or skull, while inferior means directly towards the ankle.

What do the terms "anterior" and "posterior" refer to in anatomical positioning?

Anterior refers to towards the front half of the body, and posterior refers to towards the back half of the body.

How are lateral and medial movements defined relative to the body's midline?

Lateral movement is moving a body part away from the midline, while medial movement is bringing it back towards the midline.

What is the basic definition of joint flexion versus extension?

Flexion is defined as a decrease in the joint angle, whereas extension is defined as an increase in the joint angle.

What are the alternative terms for horizontal flexion and horizontal extension?

Horizontal flexion is also known as horizontal adduction, and horizontal extension is also known as horizontal abduction.

Which two human body joints are discussed regarding horizontal flexion and extension in exercise contexts?

The shoulder joint (which accounts for roughly 95% of conversations) and the hip joint.

What is the difference between abduction and adduction?

Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, while adduction (a double d) is the movement of a limb towards the midline.

Which four terms can be used interchangeably to describe medial rotation of a joint?

Medial rotation, internal rotation, inward rotation, and downward rotation.

Which four terms can be used interchangeably to describe lateral rotation of a joint?

Lateral rotation, external rotation, outward rotation, and upward rotation.

How is spine hyperextension defined?

Spine hyperextension is taking the body backward into an arched position beyond its normal standing upright range of motion.

Why is the scapulothoracic joint categorized as a pseudo joint?

It is a pseudo joint because it is based only in muscle and anchored to the vertebral column or trunk via muscular attachments rather than a true synovial structure.

How are scapular protraction and retraction defined?

Protraction is sliding the scapula forward horizontally around the rib cage, while retraction is sliding the scapula horizontally backward to squeeze the shoulder blades together.

How are scapular elevation and depression defined?

Elevation is driving the scapula vertically upward towards the ears, while depression is lowering the scapula vertically downward towards the ground.

Where does the rotation responsible for forearm pronation and supination actually take place?

It occurs at the proximal end of the radio-ulnar joint, located just south of the elbow joint, where the round head of the radius rolls over the ulna.

What is the difference between supination and pronation?

Supination is rotating the forearm/wrist into a palm-up position, while pronation is rotating it into a palm-down position.

How are inversion and eversion defined in relation to the foot?

Inversion is turning the sole of the foot medially (inward facing the opposite foot), while eversion is turning the sole of the foot outward away from the body.

What are plantar flexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle joint?

Plantar flexion is pushing the toes away to stand on tippy toes (increasing the ankle joint angle), whereas dorsiflexion is pulling the toes back towards the shin (decreasing the joint angle).

Which primary muscles drive protraction and upward rotation of the scapula?

Protraction is generated primarily by the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor, while upward rotation is generated by the serratus anterior and the upper trapezius.

What website is recommended in the transcript for visual animations of moving joint analysis?

exrx.net