Chemistry: Energetics, kinetics, chem eqb, abe

Kc eqn

only take gases and aq.

take liq only if the eqn in homogeneous

what affects Kc or Kp

only temperature

Kc ice box table

initial, change and eqb mole, eqb conc

degree of dissociation

amt dissociated / Initial amount

LCP full form

Le Chatelier’s Principle

haber process eqn

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

haber process conditions

finely divided iron catalyst, 450 degree celcius temp, 250 atm pressure

account for the temp condition for haber process

fwd rxn is exothermic

By LCP, low temperature will cause the system to compensate for

the lowered heat. The exothermic fwd rxn is favoured, POE shifts right to produce more products.

However, at low temperatures, rate of reaction is slow, and the system will take a

long time to reach equilibrium. Hence an optimal temperature of 450°C and a catalyst

is used to ensure that both yield and rate are high.

account for the pressure condition for haber process

By LCP, high pressure will cause the system to react to decrease the total amount of gases and hence, the pressure. The fwd rxn is favoured, POE shifts right to produce

more products.

However, extremely high pressures will involve a higher cost of production and

equipment maintenance. Hence an optimal pressure of 200 atm is used.

state the LCP

Le Chatelier’s Principle states that when a system at equilibrium is

disturbed, the system will counteract by shifting its position of equilibrium

in a direction that reduce that disturbance in order to re-establish the

equilibrium.

dynamic eqb definition

The system is in a state of dynamic equilibrium whereby the rate of the

forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction in a reversible

reaction, and the concentrations of the reactants and products are constant.

dynamic eqb conditions

closed system, reversible reaction

when does adding inert gas shift POE

if vol is kept constant, partial pressure of reactants and products dont cahnge, so poe is unchanged

if pressure is kept constant, then theres an increase in vol thus partial p of rnp will decrease.

by lcp, system will counteract by shifting poe to the side w more gas particles present to raise partial p in order to overcome the disturbance.