Viscera (Organs) of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Remove excess water, salts, and protein metabolic wastes from the blood and excrete in urine

What is the purpose of the kidneys?

Ureters

What run from the into the urinary bladder?

over

The ureters run over/under the pelvic brim and common iliac arteries

Superomedial aspect of each kidney

Where are the suprarenal (adrenal) gland located (in relation to kidney)?

endocrine; are not

The suprarenal (adrenal) glands are endocrine/exocrine glands that are/are not associated with the kidneys

Corticosteroids, androgens, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

What do the suprarenal (adrenal) glands secrete?

Perirenal fat

What surrounds the kidneys and suprarenal (adrenal) glands?

Renal fascia

What is found surrounding the perirenal fat around the kidneys and the suprarenal (adrenal) glands?

peri-uretic fascia

The renal fascia extends along the ureters as...

Paranephric fat

Fat located behind the renal fascia

Posterior abdominal wall at level of T12-L3

Where are the kidneys located?

Right

Which kidney is typically slightly lower?

Anterior/posterior surfaces, lateral margin, medial margin, and superior/inferior poles

What are the parts of the kidney?

Renal hilum

What is included in the medial margin of the kidney?

Calices, vessels, and nerves

What is contained in the renal sinus?

1. Renal pyramid

2. Renal papilla

3. Minor calyx

4. Major calyx

5. Renal pelvis

6. Ureter

What is the flow of urine through the kidneys?

2-3 minor calyces

What make up a major calyx?

2-3 major calyces

What make up the renal pelvis?

muscular

The ureters are a narrow _____________ tube

retroperitoneal

The ureters are intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/subperitoneal

1. Junction of renal pelvis and ureter

2. Where ureters cross pelvic brim

3. Where ureters pass into bladder

What are the three areas the ureters can be constricted (stones become lodged)?

Fibrous tissue

What separates the suprarenal (adrenal) glands from the kidneys?

Cortex

What part of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands secrete corticosteroids and androgens?

Medulla

What part of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine?