Chapter 11: Immunological Memory and Vaccination

long-lived plasma cells

plasma cells produced at late stages of primary infection that can last a lifetime and can produce clones and are the source of a low stead level of antibodies in circulation; reside in the bone marrow and don’t divide or require T cells for antibody secretion

short

Are most plasma cells that are made during the primary response short or long lived?

naive B cells

B cells that use membrane bound IgM to initiate B cell activation

IgG, IgA or IgE

What antibody classes do memory B cells express as receptor?

false

T/F: plasma cells express membrane bound B cell receptors

true

T/F: plasma cells don’t express membrane bound B cell receptors because alternative splicing has already occurred

true

T/F: secreted high affinity IgG binding to antigen prevents any additional activation of naive B cells with the same antigen specificity

quicker

Membrane bounds IgG on memory B cells triggers slower or quicker activation to become plasma cells

hemolytic anemia

condition where the mother is RhD- while carrying a RhD+ child; the first pregnancy is fine, but the mother develops memory B cells that can attack subsequent babies; requires infusion of anti-Rh IgG during first pregnancy to prevent development of memory B cells

true

T/F: for pathogens whose antigens remain consistent, the long-lived plasma cells are effective to prevent subsequent reinfections

true

T/F: for pathogens that undergo frequent mutations and antigen changes, the suppression of naive B cells during secondary immune responses puts the body at a disadvantage until all memory is lost

catabolism

metabolic pathway that breaks down molecules to release energy

true

T/F: naive T cells are long lived quiescent and survive through catabolism

anabolism

metabolic pathway that builds molecules using energy

false

T/F: T cell activation changes the metabolism to catabolism

true

T/F: T cell activation changes the metabolism to anabolism, enabling the T cell to synthesize macromolecules

metabolic reprogramming

process that changes the metabolism from catabolism to anabolism, triggering asymmetric division of the T cell to give rise to one effector T cell and one memory T cell

central memory T cell (TCM cell)

memory T cell that circulates through the blood, the T cell zone of secondary lymphoid tissues and lymph

effector memory T cell (TEM cell)

memory T cell that circulates through the blood and all tissues

resident memory T cells (TRM cells)

long-lived memory T cells that never return to the circulation but stay in the mucosal tissue after healing from infection

shorter

Is the CD45RO isoform on memory T cells longer or shorter than the CD45RA isoform on naive T cells?

better

Does CD45RO on memory T cells have better or worse interaction with the TCR than CD45RA on naive T cells

true

T/F: the shorter CD45RO isoform on memory T cells allows interaction with the TCR without co-stimulation

small

Does the primary immune response require a small or large number of pathogen-specific cells? 

large

Does the secondary immune response require a small or large number of pathogen-specific cells?

high

Does the primary immune response have a high or low threshold of activation?

low

Does the secondary immune response have a high or low threshold of activation? 

true

T/F: innate immunity works alone until the primary adaptive response is activated and ongoing

true

T/F: there’s close cooperation between the innate immunity and the secondary adaptive immunity from the start of infection

false

T/F: secondary immune responses take the same amount of time as primary immune responses to become effective

false

T/F: plasma cells generated in a secondary immune response have longer life spans than those made during a primary immune repsponse

true

T/F: during a primary immune response, effector B cells outnumber memory cells

false

T/F: memory T cells require costimulation

false

T/F: memory T cells undergo somatic hympermutation

false

T/F: memory T cells undergo isotype switching