gsce history edexcel british america

british settlement

establishment of colonies in north america

trade implications

economic affects of colonial trade practices

slavery

forced labour system in american colonies

piracy

illegal maritime activities disrupting trade

religious revivalists

movements promoting spiritual renewal and conversion

enlightenment

intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individualism

king george’s war

conflict between britain and france, 1744-1748

french and indian war

war between britain and france, 1754-1763

american war of independance

colonial revolt against british rule, 1775-1783

loss of empire

decline of british territorial control post 1783

golden age of piracy

peak period of piracy 1715-1725

stono rebellion

slave uprising in south carolina, 1739

new york consiparcy

alleged slave revolt in new york, 1741

smuggling

illegal trade circumventing british regulations

royal proclamation of 1763

regulation restricting colonial expansion westward

sugar act of 1764

tax on sugar and molasses imported to colonies

intolerable acts

punitive laws against massachusetts after boston tea party

boston massacre

1770 confrontation leading to colonial deaths

boston tea party

protest against tea tax, december 1773

first continental congress

gathering of colonial delegates in 1774

second continental congress

governing body during the american revolution

treaty of paris 1783

agreement ending the american war of independence

treaty of utrecht

1713 agreement ending War of Spanish Succession

royal proclamation

1763 declaration regulating western expansion

asiento

right granted to britain for slave trade

treaty of paris

1763 agreement ending french and indian war

sam bellamy

pirate known for his large crew

piracy act

1717 law aimed at reducing piracy

blackbeard

famous pirate killed in 1718

sons of liberty

group opposing british taxation polices

liberty pole

symbol of resistance erected in new york

revenue act

1767 legislation imposing duties on imports

tea act

1773 law granting monopoly to british tea

coercive acts

1774 punitive measures against massachusetts

lexington and concord

1775 battles marking start of american revolution

declaration of independence

1776 document asserting american autonomy

saratoga

1777 battle turning point for american forces

french involvement

1778 alliance supporting american revolution

yorktown

1781 battle leading to british surrender

treaty of aid-la-chapelle

1748 agreement ending war of austrian succession

quok walker case

1781 legal case granting freedom to a slave

general cornwallis

british commander who surrender at yorktown

benjamin franklin

leading american figure who promoted independence

thomas gage

british general enforcing intolerable acts

horatio gates

american general who won at saratoga

the war of independence

conflict (1775-1783) leading to american independence

slave laws in south carolina

laws allowing death penalty for attacking whites

king george’s proclamation (1717)

£100 reward for capturing pirates

the piracy act (1717)

convicted pirates could face execution

the hat act (1732)

limited colonial hat production to favor Britain

the molasses act (1733)

taxed foreign molasses at 6p per gallon

new york’s conspiracy laws

restricted slave movements to prevent rebellion

security act (1739)

mandated firearms for white men on sundays

the negro act (1740)

fined owners for unmanageable slaves, restricted freedoms

king geoge’s proclamation (1763)

established borders between settlers and natives

sugar act (1764)

increased molasses tax to pay war debts

currency act (1764)

prevented colonists from printing more paper money

stamp act (1765)

tax on paper products, led to colonial opposition

declaratory act (1766)

repealed stamp act, asserted british legislative authority

quartering act

required colonist to house british troops

boston port act

closed boston port as punishment for tea party

tea act (1773)

taxed tea imports, sparked boston tea party

massachusetts government act (1774)

limited councils to british approved members

quartering act (1774)

reinforced housing of british troops in colonists’ homes

impartial administration of justice act (1774)

allowed trials for capital crimes in different colonies

continental association

1774 boycott of british goods to resist authority

second continental association

1775 organization preparing the colonies for war

quebec art

1774 law extending british control in ohio country

american prohibitory act

1775 blockade of American ports by Britain

treaty of alliance

1778 agreement between france and american colonists

northern colonies

settled by middle class, focused on farming

middle colonies

diverse settlers with religious freedom and trade

southern colonies

plantation economy reliant on slave labor

british crown

monarch governing colonies through appointed officials

parliament

british legislative body controlling colonial trade

colonial governor

appointed leader overseeing a colony’s administration

colonial assemblies

elected bodies passing laws and raising taxes

town meetings

local gatherings addressing community issues and laws

county courts

local judicial bodies enforcing laws and order

immigration to colonies

inflow of europeans seeking opportunities in america

immigration to colonies

inflow of europeans seeking opportunities in america

population growth rate

3% birth and death rates in america vs 1% in europe

georgie settlement

1,800 settlers moved to georgia in ten years

economic impact of immigration

increased labour supply and manufacturing skills

native american displacement

settlers pressured natives to surrender their lands

abenaki conflict

1722 clash resulting in loss of native land

trade control

britain regulated colonial trade routes and partners

colonial exports

10% of goods sold to foreign countries

molasses

liquid from sugar canes, vital for rum production

molasses act

1733 law enhancing trade with the west indeed

tobacco

45% of colonial exports, boosting landowners wealth

tobacco dependency

southern economy relied heavily on tobacco sales

tea popularity

tea became a widespread drink in the 1700s

colonial tea imports

12% of imports to colonies were tea

rice wealth

rice earnings quadrupled those from tobacco

rice exports

43 million lbs of rice sold abroad in 1743

slave dependency

southern rice plantations relied on enslaved labour

economic tensions

50% of white males owned no land, causing conflict

tax disagreements

colonial disputes over tax burdens and laws

international market

colonial goods like fish and tobacco were trading globally