CH2 Assessment (KIN223)

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?

Thymine

Fructose and galactose are isomers of

glucose

Radioisotopes are unstable because they contain an excess number of

1) neutrons.

2) protons.

3) electrons.

4) electron shells.

The ____ half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive material to be eliminated from the body.

biological

The bond between adjacent amino acids is a(n) ________ bond.

1) amino

2) peptide

3) hydrogen

4) ionic

Blood plasma contains water mixed with proteins. Therefore, it is considered a

colloid

All organic compounds contain ______, hydrogen, and usually oxygen.

carbon

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are examples of

carbohydrates

Within the periodic table, elements are organized consecutively by

atomic number within rows.

Two atoms that differ only in the number of neutrons they contain are known as

isotopes.

If an ionic compound formed between an element from the first column of the periodic table and another from the sixth column, you would expect the compound to include

two atoms from the first-column element and one atom from the sixth-column element.

When elements found in column VIA of the periodic table become ions, they usually have a charge of

1) +3.

2) +2.

3) –2.

4) –1.

5) +1.

In the formation of an ionic bond between Na and Cl to form common table salt, sodium (Na) _____ an electron and chlorine (Cl) _____ an electron.

loses; gains

MgCl2 fully dissociates into Mg2+ and Cl- ions when mixed with water. Therefore, the bonds between Mg2+ and Cl- in MgCl2 can be described as

ionic

If an element from the first column of the periodic table entered into a covalent bond with one from the sixth column, then the bond would be a

polar bond, with the element from the sixth column developing a partial negative charge.

Water contains two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom; "H2O" is therefore water's

molecular formula.

Fatty acids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen, and so fatty acids are

nonpolar and do not dissolve in water.

When a nonpolar molecule is placed in water, it will

neither dissolve nor carry electrical current.

The hydrogen bonds in a sample of water result in ________ cohesion and a _____ heat of vaporization.

increased, high

In a sample of distilled water, a water molecule that has picked up an extra hydrogen ion is called a(n)

hydronium ion.

Generally, a chemical buffer is described as

a weak acid and weak base that help prevent big changes in pH

When a protein of 50 nanometers is mixed with water, the opaque result is called a(n)

1) colloid

2) suspension.

3) emulsion.

4) solution.

A technician is asked to make up a solution of physiological saline and is told that it should be a 0.9% NaCl solution using the mass/volume percent measurement of concentration. If the technician is making 100 milliliters of solution, how much NaCl should be included?

0.9 grams

Like most functional groups, carboxyl groups are

polar and therefore increase a biomolecule's solubility in water.

Glycogen is a polymer of ______ molecules.

glucose

While a runner is in a marathon, his or her liver will have to free some stored energy to keep blood sugar levels adequate; the liver will liberate this energy by way of a process called

glycogenolysis

Which list contains all four types of amino acids?

Charged, polar, nonpolar, and those with special functions

Amino acids such as alanine contain hydrocarbons as side groups, and these amino acids engage in hydrophobic interactions with each other. Such amino acids are

nonpolar