In-Class Questions

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by

causing an increase in inotropy, chronotropy, and dromotropy

True or False? Novartis has a combination therapy of' valsartan (AT, inhibitor) and sacubitril (an inhibitor of neprilysin which metabolizes ANP). Select the best answer.

True

List the five proper functions of the heart:

1. Heart contractions must be synchronized

2. The valves of the heart must open completely (not stenotic)

3. The valves of the heart must not leak (not insufficient or regurgitant)

4. Myocardial muscle cells must provide enough force to move the blood

5. The ventricles must be able to fill during diastole

The circulation of most major organ systems would be classified as in-parallel. Which of the following is the major exception?

liver

Which of the following is best associated as an estimate of preload?

LVEDV (left ventricular end-diastolic volume)

Which of the following is best associated as an estimate of afterload?

aortic pressure

Which of the following statements concerning the heart is true?

Cardiac output is the product of ventricular stroke volume and heart rate

What is the cardiac output (CO) if the stroke volume (SV) is 70 mL/beat and the heart rate (HR) is 75 beats/min?

CO= SV x HR

CO = (70 mL/beat) × (75 beats/min) = 5250 mL

Consider both the pulmonary and systemic circuits. What is the cardiac output of the right side of the heart compared to the cardiac output of the left side of the heart?

100%

Consider the following data and estimate the cardiac output (CO):

1. Pulmonary arterial pressure is 20.0 mm Hg

2. Pulmonary venous pressure is 0.0 mm Hg

3. Pulmonary vascular resistance is 4.0 mm Hg min L-l

F = 𝜟P/R

F = 20/4 = 5 Lmin-1

A patient complains of becoming "light headed" when standing upright. Blood pressure measurements reveal a significant fall in atrial pressure upon standing. Which of the following is a likely explanation of this patient's condition?

Reduced cardiac output

Consider the effects of afterload on the curves (Frank-Starling curves) for one particular pressure on the LVEDP normal curve. An increase in afterload shifts the control curve ______, whereas a decrease in the afterload shifts the control curve _______.

downward, upward

What layer of the heart wall is thick and muscular?

Myocardium

Which valve in the heart is located between the right

atrium (RA) and the right ventricle (RV)?

Tricuspid valve

Which of the following valves found in the normal heart

has only two leaflets?

Mitral valve

The left atrium is _____ to the left ventricle.

superior

Identify the valve of the heart that the arrow is

pointing to in the image.

Mitral valve

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following

events?

closure of the heart valves

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the

right wall in order to ________.

pump blood with greater pressure

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

left atrium and ventricle

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the

myocardium would be the

coronary arteries

Identify the vessel of the heart that the arrow is pointing to

in the image.

Aorta

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply,

damage would primarily result from ________.

decreased delivery of oxygen

Identify the vessel of the heart that the arrow is pointing to

in the attachment.

Left anterior descending

Which is NOT a vessel that brings blood directly into the

right atrium?

pulmonary veins