Unit 2 - Cells and Tissues

Four Types of Body Tissues

Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

Epithelial Tissue

Major tissue of glands inner lining of body cavities and hollow organs

Epithelial Tissue Blood Supply

Lack blood vessels

Basement Membrane

Anchors epithelial tissue to connective tissue

Squamous Epithelial

Thin flat scale-like cells

Cuboidal Epithelial

Cube-shaped cells

Columnar Epithelial

Tall elongated cells often with goblet (mucus) cells and cilia

Epithelial Arrangement

Simple = one row of cells Stratified = multiple rows

Simple Columnar Epithelium

One row nuclei at same level

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

2–7 rows nuclei aligned in each row

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Appears multilayered but only one row nuclei not aligned

Nervous Tissue

Found in brain spinal cord and nerves

Neuron

Basic conducting cell of nervous system

Neuroglia

Supporting non-conducting nervous system cells

Muscle Tissue Types

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Skeletal Muscle

Attached to bones voluntary multinucleated striated cylindrical parallel fibers

Smooth Muscle

In digestive organs blood vessels bladder involuntary one nucleus per cell no striations

Cardiac Muscle

Heart only striated involuntary one nucleus per cell cylindrical with intercalated discs

Intercalated Discs

Structures separating cardiac muscle cells

Connective Tissue Functions

Binds supports protects stores fat produces blood cells

Connective Tissue Matrix

Material between cells where specialized structures are embedded

Fibroblast

Major connective tissue cell that creates fibers

Collagenous Fibers

Strong non-elastic made of collagen examples ligaments and tendons

Elastic Fibers

Made of elastin elastic but less strong examples vocal cords

Reticular Fibers

Thin widespread hold adipose tissue together found around kidneys spleen lymph nodes.

simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

stratified cuboidal epithelium

stratified columnar epithelium

pseudostratified columnar epitheloum