Mizzou 1020 bio exam 1

assumption

A statement that is accepted or believed to be true without evidence is reffered to as an __________________________.

bar graph

a graph of date in which the independent variable is CATEGORICAL, rather than continuous is known as what?

categorical data

__________________ __________ are variables that have only certain discrete values.

continous variable

a variable that can have any value between two limits; exhibiting a spectrum of value from one extreme to another is known as a ________________________ __________________.

control group

A ___________________ group in an experiment in which the independent variable is ELIMINATED or set to a standard value;

(used as a standard for comparison to experimental treatments)

data

information (measurements, observations, experimental results) is reffered to as _________.

dependent variable

the ________________ variable is a functional relationship that varies as a result of change in the independent variable; the responding variable in an experiment

experiment

a test of the "accuracy of predictions" of a hypothesis is reffered to as an _________________.

experimental error

inaccuracy due to procedural faults is known as ________________ ________.

extrapolation

____________________ is estimating a value outside the range of measured date

histogram

a graph of the frequency distribution of a set of data (Year to Year) is known as a _______________.

hypothesis

a CAUSAL explanation of a natural phenomenon is known as a ______________________.

independent variable

the variable in a functional relationship that is believed to be the cause of changes in other variables; known as the ______________________ ________________.

(the manipulated variables in an experiment)

inference

an ________________________ is a statement that is accepted or believed to be true on the basis of evidence

interpolation

estimating a value within the range of measured data is known as what?

line graph

a ____________ graph is a functional relationship between two data sets.

mean

the average value in a sample is also known as the __________.

median

the middle value in a set of number, arranged from low to high value is called the ________________.

prediction

a __________________ is a statement of an outcome or result made in advance of actual knowledge of that outcome or result.

replication

procedure which uses repeated tests to minimize sampling error is called ________________.

sampling error

A ______________ ______________ is an inaccurancy due to inadequate sampling size

treatment

group(s) in an experiment in which the independent variable is manipulated receive whats known as _________________.

variable

a ________________ is a factor that varies or changes

cell

What is the basic unit of all living things?

cell membrane

a flexible covering that surrounds the cell and separates cytoplasm from the external environment is known as the ____________ ______________; (also surrounds most organelles)

cell wall

a rigid, protective layer that lies outside of the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, and many protists is called the _________ ______________.

chloroplasts

________________ are membrane-bound organelle in which photosynthesis occurs.

cristae

____________ are finger-like projections formed by inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

cytoplasm

The _______________ is term used to refer to contents of a cell other than the nucleus

depth of field

_____________ ______ _______________ is the extent to which microscopic objects can be visualized in the third dimension

ER

membranous sacs and channels in cells, often bearing ribosomes are reffered to as ___ ___. (designated rough if ribosome are present)

field of view

area of an object which is visible under microscopic examination is within the __________ ____________ _________.

focal plane

The plane which is in focus for an object under microscopic examination is known as the _________________ ______________.

grana

disc-like structures inside chloroplasts are called ____________.

golgi body

The ____________ _____________ is a membrane-bound organelle in which materials are assembled and modified prior to secretion from the cell.

mitochondrion

The _______________________ are membrane-bound organelles in which metabolism occurs (Energy)

nucleolus

dense cluster of proteins and nucleic acids inside the nucleus where ribosomes are formed are known as ________________.

nucleus

The ______________ is a membrane-bound organelle which contains chromosomes and nucleolus

organelle

An _____________ is a term used to refer to membrane-bound structures and other bodies in the cytoplasm

phospholipid

cell membrane molecules composed of fatty acids and phosphate groups are known as _______________________.

protein

_______________________ are large molecules composed of chains of amino acids; provide structural (STRENGTH) support in cell membranes and act as enzymes

ribosomes

_________________________ are small particle of proteins and nucleic acids which is site of proteins synthesis

stroma

the fluid inside a chloroplast, but surrounding grana is known as the ______________.

vacuole

The _______________ is a membrane-bound sac of fluid in cytoplasm; often quite large in plant cell

concentration gradient

the difference in solute concentration between two solutions is known as the ________________ _______________.

diffusion

the movement of molecules from area of high concentration to areas of lower concentration (HIGH TO LOW); usually used with reference of solute is known as __________________.

flaccid

____________ is description of the limp condition of plant cells when water has left the central vacuole and turgor pressure is low

hypertonic

descriptive of a solution that contains MORE solute particle than another solution; has a lower water potential than hypotonic solution (UNDER)

(any glucose solution above 5% is ______________)

hypotonic

descriptive of a solution that contains fewer solute particles than other solution particles than another solution;

A _______________________ solution has a HIgher water POtential than a hyp___tonic solution

isotonic

___________________ is a descriptive of a solution that contains the same amount of solute particles as another solution.

osmosis

the special case of diffusion involving the movement of WATER MOLECULES is known as _____________.

selective permeability

characteristic of a membrane which permits certain materials to pass while others are restrained is known as ____________________ ________________.

solute

the dissolved particles in a solution is known as ______________.

solvent

the solution in which something is dissolved IN

turgid

______________________ is the descriptive of the swollen conditions of plant cells when the central vacuole is distended with water and presses against the cell wall

turgor pressure

______________ ______________ is the water pressure in plant cell; acts in opposition to water potential.

water potential

the potential energy of a volume of water, expressed as a pressure is known as _____________ ____________.

activation energy

energy required to cause a chemical reaction to proceed is known as _________________ ________________.

active site

The ______________ ____________ is the position on an enzymes molecules where substrate molecules come together for a chemical reaction

catalyst

a subtance that promotes a chemical reaction, but is not consumed in that reaction is known as a ____________.

cofactor

The __________________ is a mineral ion or organic

helps aid enzymes during the reaction process

denaturation

disruption of the 3-dimenstial shape of an enemy molecule is reffered to as ___________________.

enzyme

An __________ is a biological catalyst;

(virtually all ____________ are proteins)

pH

_______ is measure of the concentration of protons (positively charged particles, or H+) in a solution

products

the molecules that are made in a chemical reaction are known as __________________.

protein

The __________________ is a class of molecules; all are composed of sub-unites called amino acids, the arrangement of which results in proteins of characteristic and distinctive shapes

rate

The _____________ is the amount of activity a biological processes per unit time

substrate

the molecules that are acted upon by an enzyme are known as _____________.

Plant cells only.

Is grana found in plant cells, animal cells or both?

Plant cells only.

Is stroma found in plant cells, animal cells, or both?

both plant and animal cells

Is crusts found in plant cells, animal cells or both?

Phospholipids and Proteins

What two things make up a cell membrane?

produce ribosomes

The nucleolus main goal is to do what....

Ribosomes

What organelle is found on the rough ER but not the smooth ER?

Shrivel up

Hypertonic solution causes cells to do what?

Burst

Hypotonic solution cause cells to do what?

increased temperature

What can increase the rate of diffusion?

Speed up chemical reactions

Temperature and light (both catalysts) do what to chemical reactions?

Animal Cell

Which cell type (Animal or Plant) only has a Cell Membrane instead of Both a Cell Membrane and Cell Wall?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for producing enzymes?

Nucleolus

Which organelle is the site of ribosome synthesis?

Plant Cell because of its Cell Wall strength.

Which type of cell is least likely to burst in a hypotonic solution? Why?

Active site of a enzyme

During an enzymatic reaction, substrate bind to where?

What is the key in the lock and key method?

Substrate= Key

Active Site= Lock

The substrate

In an enzymatic reaction, what is the only thing changed?