Карточки Contrastive Analysis in Language Teaching | Quizlet

What is the importance of lexicological analysis for language learners and teachers?

It helps them understand how linguists study language and how teaching materials are prepared. It also helps learners observe how language works.

What is the first stage of scientific linguistic investigation?

The first stage is observation. Linguists collect facts about language through careful observation.

What is the inductive method of inquiry?

It is a method where conclusions are based on observed facts, not on authority or personal opinion.

What is the next stage after observation?

The next stage is classification, where the collected data is organized into groups.

To what stems can the suffix -er be added?

It can be added to verbal stems and noun stems.

Give examples of -er added to verbs.

speaker, writer.

Give examples of -er added to noun stems

villager, Londoner.

Give examples of non-derived words with -er.

mother, father.

These words are basic vocabulary words. They were not created by adding parts to another word.

Nouns with the suffix -er can be classified into

derived words and simple words

What is generalisation in linguistic research?

Generalisation is forming a rule or hypothesis based on collected and classified data.

What rule can be formed about the suffix -er?

If -er is added to a verb, the noun usually means a person who performs an action (teacher, learner).

What happens when -er is added to a noun?

It usually describes a person from a place or profession (villager, Londoner).

Give an example showing that -er cannot form nouns from adjectives

dig → digger, but big → bigger (here bigger is a comparative adjective, not a noun).

What is prediction in linguistic analysis?

Prediction means using a rule to guess how new words will behave or what they will mean.

What can we predict about new words with the suffix -er added to verbs?

We can predict that the word will be a noun denoting an active doer (action)

Give examples of such predicted words

moon-crawler, moon-walker.

Why did these new words appear?

They appeared when the Soviet moon car was launched.

What type of meaning do these -er nouns usually have?

They usually mean a person or thing that performs an action.

What method helps linguists predict which words are more likely to appear?

Statistical analysis.

What is verification?

Verification is the process of checking if a hypothesis or rule is correct.

Why is it important for teachers to know linguistic methods?

Because these methods help them prepare teaching materials and understand language structure

What are some methods of lexicological analysis mentioned in the text?

They include: SCIDTCS

1.Contrastive analysis

2.Statistical analysis

3.Immediate constituents analysis

4.Distributional analysis

5.Transformational analysis

6.Componental analysis

7.Semantic differential method

All methods of linguistic analysis are traditionally subdivided into

formalised and non-formalised procedures

What are formalised and non-formalised methods?

Formalised methods use strict procedures and rules, while non-formalised methods are less rigid and more descriptive.

Were formalised methods always successful in studying natural languages?

No, in many cases they were inapplicable to natural languages.

What is contrastive analysis

ontrastive analysis compares two languages to find similarities and differences.

. Why is contrastive analysis important for language teaching?

Because many learners' errors come from differences between their native language and the target language.

The task set before the linguist is to find out which semantic and syn-

tactic features characterise

1. the English set of verbs (cf. grow thin, get

angry, fall ill, turn traitor, run dry, wax eloquent),

2. the French (Russian, German, etc.) set of verbs, 3. how the two sets compare. Cf., e.g., the

English word-groups grow thin, get angry, fall ill and the Russian verbs

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