B3

Gonorrhoea

________ is an STD with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge and pain on urinating.

Stomach

________- Produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens that make it that far from the mouth.

Protists

________ are all eukaryotes and most are single celled.

Clinical trials

________ are blind where the patient in the study doesnt know whether theyre getting the drug or placebo.

Painkillers

________ and other medicines are used to treat the symptoms of disease but do not kill pathogens.

HIV

________ initially causes flu like illness.

Vaccination

________- Vaccinating people and animals against communicable diseases means that they cant develop the infection and then pass it on to someone else.

Pathogens

________ may be viruses, bacteria, protists or fungi.

Measles

________ is a viral disease showing symptoms of fever and a red skin rash.

painkiller aspirin

The ________ originates from willow.

Trachea

________ and bronchi- Secrete mucus to trap pathogens.

Skin

________- Acts as a barrier to pathogens.

Penicillin

________ was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the ________ mould.

Parasites

________ live on or inside other organisms and can cause them damage.

Viruses

________ are not cells.

antibiotic penicillin

It is caused by a bacterium and was easily treated with the ________ until many resistant strains appeared.

Antitoxin production

________- These counteract toxins produced by the invading bacteria.

pathogen

If a(n) ________ enters the body the immune system tries to destroy the ________.

Vectors

________ that are insects can be killed using insecticides or by destroying their habitat so that they can no longer breed.

Rose black spot

________ can be treated by using fungicides and /or removing and destroying the affected leaves.

UK

In the ________, poultry are vaccinated against salmonella to control the spread.

hyphae

The ________ can produce spores which can be spread to other plants and animals.

Antibodies

________ are then produced rapidly and carried around the body to find all similar bacteria or viruses.

Bacteria

________ and viruses may reproduce rapidly inside the body.

Antibody production

________- Every invading pathogen has antigens on its surface.

measles virus

The ________ is spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs.

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

________ (TMV) is a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes.

Nose

________- Hairs and mucus in the nose trap particles that could contain pathogens.

Antibiotics

________ can not kill viral pathogens.

method of contraception

The spread can be controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier ________ such as a condom.

airborne pathogens

Some ________ are carried in the air in droplets produced when you cough or sneeze (the influenza virus that causes flu is spread this way)

damage

Bacteria may produce poisons (toxins) that ________ tissues and make us feel ill.

Preclinical testing

________ is done in a laboratory using cells tissues and live animals.

White blood cells

Phagocytosis- ________ can engulf foreign cells and digest them.

infectious bacterial diseases

The use of antibiotics has greatly reduced deaths from ________.

simple hygiene measures

Being hygienic- Using ________ can prevent the spread of disease.

Direct contact

________- Some pathogens can be picked up by touching contaminated surfaces, including the skin (athletes foot is a fungus which makes skin itch and flake off.

Malaria

________ causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal.

human volunteers

If a drug passes the tests on animals then it is tested on ________ in a clinical trial.

spread of malaria

The ________ is controlled by preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.

HIV infection

Late stage ________, or AIDS, occurs when the bodys immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers.

Vaccination

________ involves introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.

Measles

________ is a serious illness that can be fatal if complications arise.

Viruses

________ live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage.

pathogens

The ________ that cause malaria are protists.

Gonorrhoea

________ is spread by sexual contact.

HIV

________ is spread by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids such as blood which occurs when drug users share needles.

Rose black spot

________ is a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.

Pathogens

________ are microorganisms that cause infectious disease.

Direct contact

Some pathogens can be picked up by touching contaminated surfaces, including the skin (athletes foot is a fungus which makes skin itch and flake off

By water

Some pathogens can be picked up by drinking or bathing in dirty water (cholera is a bacterial infection thats spread by drinking water contaminated with the diarrhoea of other sufferers)

By air

Pathogens can be carried in the air and can then be breathed in

Being hygienic

Using simple hygiene measures can prevent the spread of disease

Destroying vectors

By getting rid of the organisms that spread disease, you can prevent the disease from being passed on

Isolating infected individuals

If you isolate someone who has a communicable disease, it prevents them from passing it on to anyone else

Vaccination

Vaccinating people and animals against communicable diseases means that they cant develop the infection and then pass it on to someone else

Skin

Acts as a barrier to pathogens

Nose

Hairs and mucus in the nose trap particles that could contain pathogens

Trachea and bronchi

Secrete mucus to trap pathogens

Stomach

Produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens that make it that far from the mouth

Phagocytosis

White blood cells can engulf foreign cells and digest them

Antibody production

Every invading pathogen has antigens on its surface

Antitoxin production

These counteract toxins produced by the invading bacteria