Renewal and end of the Cold War

What was the Reagan Doctrine?

A policy of supporting anti-communist insurgencies and governments to roll back Soviet influence.

How did Reagan escalate Cold War tensions in the 1980s?

Massive defense spending, Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars), and aggressive rhetoric.

What was the Strategic Defense Initiative?

A proposed missile defense system intended to protect the US from nuclear attacks, nicknamed 'Star Wars'.

How did Gorbachev’s reforms affect the Cold War?

His policies of glasnost and perestroika opened the USSR politically and economically, leading to internal weakening.

What was glasnost?

A policy of openness and transparency in government institutions and activities initiated by Gorbachev.

What was perestroika?

An economic restructuring policy introduced by Gorbachev aimed at reviving the Soviet economy.

What role did the INF Treaty (1987) play in ending the Cold War?

It eliminated intermediate-range nuclear forces and marked major arms reduction progress.

How did the Soviet war in Afghanistan contribute to the end of the Cold War?

It drained Soviet resources and morale, becoming the USSR’s 'Vietnam'.

What was the significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989?

It symbolised the collapse of communist control in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War.

When did the Soviet Union officially collapse?

December 1991, marking the final end of the Cold War.