Industrial and WW1 terms for quiz

Industrial Revolution

Period from the mid-18th to late-19th century when economies shifted from agriculture to machine-based manufacturing, leading to urbanization, factory growth, and major technological advances.

Bourgeoisie

Middle and upper class who own the means of production (factories, businesses) and profit from industrial and economic systems.

Proletariat

Industrial working class who sell their labor for wages, often in poor working conditions.

Industrialization

The process of developing machine production of goods and transforming economies into manufacturing-based systems.

Urbanization

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, often driven by industrial job opportunities.

Imperialism

Policy of expanding a nation’s influence through colonization, acquisition of territories, or control over other regions for resources and markets.

Militarism

Belief in building and maintaining a strong military to promote national interests and prepare for war.

Nationalism

Intense pride in and loyalty to one’s nation, often placing it above others.

Total War

A conflict in which all of a nation’s resources (economic, industrial, and human) are mobilized for the war effort.

Socialism

Political and economic theory advocating for collective or government ownership of the means of production to promote equality.

Communism

Ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property is publicly owned, with goods and services shared equally.

Cause-and-Effect (Industrial Revolution → WWI)

Industrialization provided mass production capabilities for weapons, transportation, and supplies, enabling large-scale warfare; it also intensified imperial competition among nations.

Technological Warfare

Introduction of advanced weapons and military technologies (machine guns, tanks, poison gas) during WWI, enabled by industrial production.

Imperialist Rivalries

Competition among industrialized powers for colonies and resources, increasing tensions before WWI.

Marxist View of WWI

Interpretation that WWI was an imperialist war in which the bourgeoisie benefited economically while the proletariat bore the greatest sacrifices.

Russian Revolution (1917)

Political revolution during WWI that overthrew the Tsar and brought the Bolsheviks (communists) to power, influenced by war hardships and class struggles.