Grammar, Vocab and Roots Review for Frakl English Midterm

Incorrigible

(Of a person or their tendencies) not able to be corrected, improved, or reformed.

Inexorable

Impossible to stop or prevent. (Of a person) impossible to persuade by request or entreaty.

Ignominious

Deserving or causing public disgrace or shame.

Lavish

1. Bestow something in generous or extravagant quantities. 2. Sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious.

Lave

Wash; (Of water) wash against or over.

Alleviate

Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.

Levity

Humor or frivolity, especially the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in a manner lacking due respect.

Levitate

Rise or cause to rise and hover in the air, especially by means of supernatural or magical power.

Eloquent

1. Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing. 2. Clearly expressing or indicating something.

Loquacious

Tending to talk a great deal; talkative.

Circumlocution

The use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive.

Lucid

1. Expressed clearly; easy to understand. 2. Bright or luminous.

Elucidate

Make (something) clear; explain.

Illuminate

Help to clarify or explain.

IN, IG

A prefix meaning 'not' or 'without'.

LAV, LAU, LU

Roots meaning 'to wash'.

LEV

A root meaning 'light' in weight or brightness.

LOQU, LOC

Roots associated with 'speech' or 'thought'.

LUC, LUM

Roots meaning 'light' or 'to shine'.

Diffidence

Modesty or shyness resulting from a lack of over-confidence.

Fidelity

Faithfulness person to person, cause, or belief, demonstrated.

Perfidious

Deceitful and untrustworthy.

Congenital

(Of a disease or physical condition) present from birth.

Engender

Cause or give rise to (a feeling, situation, or condition).

Progeny

A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.

Retrograde

Directed or moving backward.

Digress

Leave the main subject temporarily.

Transgress

Infringe or go beyond bounds of (a moral principle or other established standard of behavior).

Gratuitous

Uncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted.

Ingratiate

Bring oneself into favor with someone by flattering or trying to please them.

Gregarious

(Of a person) fond of company; sociable.

Egregious

Outstandingly bad; shocking.

Congregate

Gather into a crowd or mass.

What should you do with phrases between subject and verb?

Cross out the descriptive or prepositional phrase to see them side by side.

How does the verb agree when subjects are connected by 'or' or 'nor'?

The verb usually agrees with the nearest subject. Draw a straight line after 'or' or 'nor'.

Which indefinite pronouns are considered singular?

each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody.

What are collective nouns?

Nouns that are singular in form but name a group of people or things, such as class, family, team, group, flock.

When do words stating amount take a singular verb?

Some words that are plural in form may be singular in meaning if they refer to an amount of something.

How do titles, organizations, or countries affect verb agreement?

A title, organization, or country, even when plural in form, usually takes a singular verb.

FID

A term that signifies trust or faith.

GEN

A term related to birth, class, or kin.

GRAD, GRESS

A term that refers to a step or progression.

GRAT

A term that conveys the idea of being pleasing.

GREG

A term that denotes a crowd or flock.

Culpable

Deserving blame.

Exculpate

Show or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing.

Culprit

1. A person who is responsible for a crime or other misdeed. 2. The cause of a problem or defect.

Demographics

Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

Demagogue

1. A political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people's rational argument. 2. Rhetorically exploit (an issue) for political purposes in a way calculated to appeal to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people.

Epidemic

1. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. 2. (Of a disease) occurring widely in a community at a particular time.

Doleful

1. Expressing sorrow; mournful. 2. Causing grief or misfortune.

Indolent

1. Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy. 2. (of a disease or condition) causing little or no pain.

Condolence

An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of a death.

Euphoria

A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness.

Euphemism

A mild or indirect expression substituted for one considered too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

Infallible

1. Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong. 2. Never failing; always effective.

Fallacious

Based on a mistaken belief.

Falsify

1. Alter (information or evidence) so as to mislead. 2. Prove (a statement or theory) to be false.

CULP

blame, fault

DEMO, DEM

people

DOL

pain

EU

good, well

FAL

deceive

Absolute phrase

a noun+participle combination grammatically isolated from the sentence

Adjectives shifted out of order

Leaving one adjective in place while shifting others after the noun

Antebellum

Occurring or existing before a particular war, especially the American Civil War.

Belligerent

1. Hostile and aggressive. 2. A nation or person engaged in a war or conflict, as recognized by international law.

Bellicose

Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.

Decapitate

Cut off the head of (a person or animal) or attempt to undermine (a group or organization) by removing its leaders.

Capitulate

Cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand: surrender.

Precipitous

1. Dangerously high or steep. 2. (of an action) done suddenly and without careful consideration.

Cede

Give up (power or territory).

Incessant

(Of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause interruption.

Intercede

Intervene on behalf of another.

Cognizant

Having knowledge or being aware of.

Agnostic

1. A person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God or of anything beyond material phenomena; a person who claims neither faith nor disbelief in God. 2. A person who has an uncertain or non-committal attitude towards something.

Prognosticate

Foretell or prophesy a future event.

Credulous

Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.

Credence

1. Belief in or acceptance of something as true. 2. A small side table, shelf, or niche in a church for holding the elements of the Eucharist before they are consecrated.

Credential

1. A qualification achievement, personal quality, or aspect of a person's background, typically when used to indicate that they are suitable for something. 2. Provide with credentials.

BELLI, BELL

war

CAP, CIP

head

CED, CESS

yield, go

COGN, GNO

know

CRED

trust, believe

Appositives phrase

A phrase that renames or clarifies a noun.

Participle phrase

A phrase that includes a participle and acts as an adjective.

Acerbic

sharp and forthright, typically in relation to speaking

Exacerbate

Make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.

Acrimony

Bitterness or ill-feeling.

Altruism

The belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of the others.

Alienate

Cause (someone) to feel isolated or estranged.

Alias

1. Used to indicate that the named person is also known or familiar under another specified name. 2. A false or assumed identity.

Animosity

Strong hostility.

Magnanimous

Generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or less powerful person.

Animate

1. Bring to life. 2. Give (a movie or character) the appearance of movement using animation techniques. 3. Alive or having life.

Antecedent

1. A thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another. 2. Preceding in time or order; previous or preexisting.

Antiquated

Old-fashioned or outdated.

Antediluvian

ridiculously old-fashioned

Misanthrope

A person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society.