APUSH Unit 7 Part 1

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Sanford Dole

The first president of the Republic of Hawaii and first governor of the Territory of Hawaii after it was annexed by the United States in 1898 after the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani

Seward's Folly

Name for the Secretary of State's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867. At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the "ice box" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase

Yellow Journalism

type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting for the sake of attracting readers

Teddy Roosevelt

26th President, from 1901-1909, passed two acts that purified meat, took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot, Went after trusts, formed the "Bull Moose Party", wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy ( military stronger )

Rough Riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

Treaty of Paris 1898

Concluded the Spanish American War; from the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and they paid 20 million dollars for the Philipines. Cuba was freed from Spain.

Panama Canal

Allowed ships to cut across the isthmus of Panama; built by United States, it opened in 1915.

Square Deal

Economic policy by Teddy Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers, consumer protection, conservation policies, and regulation of corporations

Open Door Policy

Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.

Progressivism

The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

Jacob Riis

A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

17th Amendment

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Trustbusting

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

19th Amendment

Women's suffrage

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Italy (until changing sides)

Allied Powers (WWI)

Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Zimmerman Telegram

March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back the Mexican Cession to Mexico.

Election of 1916

Wilson wins a victory over Republican candidate Charles Evans Hughes; wins because Americans want to remain neutral; "He kept us out of war" was the slogan for Wilson's campaign

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Big Four

Most important leaders at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a League of Nations.

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

Committee on Public Information

Organization also known as the Creel Commision which was responsible for rallying American's around the war effort through propaganda

War Industries Board

Government agency established to coordinate the purchase of war supplies during World War I.

Liberty Bonds

sold to American people to raise money for the war efforts

Red Scare

Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Teapot Dome Scandal

corruption by a Harding cabinet member, Secretary of Interior Albert Fall, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands

Calvin Coolidge

Became president when Harding died and served for the majority of the 1920s; he was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business

Emergency Quota Act

A government legislation that limited the number of immigrants from Europe which was set at 3% of the nationality currently in the U.S. It greatly limited the number of immigrants who could move to the U.S. And it reflected the isolationist and anti-foreign feeling in America as well as the departure from traditional American ideals.

Al Capone

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.

Speakeasies

Secret bars where alcohol could be purchased illegally

Flapper

Young women in the 1920s who challenged social traditions with their dress and behavior

Scopes Trial

1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Charles Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) in "The Spirit of St. Louis"