BIOCHEMISTRY LAB MIDTERMS

• WATER

• ETHYL ALCOHOL

• ETHER

• CCl4

what are the 4 solvents used in solubility of lipids test

immiscible

cotton seed oil + water

slightly miscible

cotton seed oil + ethyl alcohol

miscible

cotton seed oil + ether

miscible

cotton seed oil + CCl4

insoluble

beeswax + ethyl alcohol

insoluble

beeswax + water

soluble

beeswax + CCl4

soluble

beeswax + ether

• ETHER

• DIETHYL ETHER

• BENZENE

• CHLOROFORM

• CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

• HOT ALCOHOL

• ACETONE

• ETHANOL

what solvents are lipids soluble

• SOAP

• GLYCEROL

what would be produced if fats or oils are hydrolyzed by alkali solution like NaOH or KOH

NaOH or KOH

what alkali solutions are used to hydrolyze fats or oils

• FATTY ACIDS

• GLYCEROL

what would be produced if fats and oils are hydrolyzed inside or outside the body

Saponification

alkaline hydrolysis of fats or oils

linseed oil

which oil is highly unsaturated?
linseed oil
cottonseed oil

glycerol

byproduct of saponification

hardened into thorn like material

when a highly unsaturated oil is exposed to air, these oil oxidized and form into what?

linseed oil

which oil formed into thorn like material
linseed oil
cottonseed oil

cottonseed oil

which oil dried slowly?
linseed oil
cottonseed oil

cottonseed oil

what oil is used in emulsification of fats and oils

formed two separate layers

cottonseed oil + water

formed an emulsion

cottonseed oil + water + soap solution

• SOAPS

• DETERGENTS

largest group of emulsifying agents

soap

surface active agent lowers the surface tension of a liquid as well as interfacial tension between 2 immiscible liquids so it connects the water layer to the oil so that after stirring and shaking, it produces a permanent emulsion

• CO2

• H2O

what are formed when fats are completely oxidized in the body

KHSO4 (Potassium bisulfate)

dehydrating agent used in acrolein test / catalyst

ammonium silver nitrate / ammoniacal silver nitrate

solution used to slow down the reaction in acrolein test

Acrolein Test

what test used to identify the presence of glycerol

Acrolein / Unsaturated aldehyde / Acraldehyde / Acrylic aldehyde

formed from glycerol by continuously heating after hydrolysis producing an irritating, unpleasant odor - acrid odor or burnt copra order

burnt copra odor

what odor would be noticed in the sample of glycerol

floor wax odor

what odor would be noticed in the sample of beeswax

sweet candy odor

what odor would be noticed in burning cottonseed oil

glycerol

what sample produced burnt copra odor

beeswax

what sample produced floor wax odor

cottonseed oil

what sample produced sweet candy odor

linseed oil

which oil has the highest degree of unsaturation
Beeswax
Cooking oil
Linseed oil

CCl4 (Carbon tetrachloride)

what solvent is used to dissolve beeswax

I2 in Chloroform (CHCL3)

what is the confirmatory reagent used in the degree of unsaturation

light reddish or brownish

what should be the immediate color to be noticed upon adding I2 in Chloroform in oils

the more I2 in CHCl3, the more unsaturated the lipid is

how to know which is the most unsaturated lipid is with I2 in CHCl3

175-202 drops

range of I2 in CHCl3 added in linseed oil

6-10 drops

range of I2 in CHCl3 added in cooking oil

3-5 drops

range of I2 in CHCl3 added in beeswax

Blue violet solution

what would be the visible reaction upon adding CuSO4 on the potato extract

Biuret Test

what test indicates blue violet solution after adding CuSO4 on potato extract

hard soap

sodium salt of fatty acids

soft soap

potassium salt of fatty acids

suds

bubbles that form when soap is mixed with water

soap scum

insoluble precipitates that are usually dense than water which rises to the top of solution and form what

synthetic detergents / syndets

type of soap that do not form precipitate in hard water

hard water

water which contains a high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions.

scum

hard water + soap

• Mg++

• Ca++

• Fe++

ions that are present in scum

saturated NaCl

what reagent is used to precipitate the soap solution

violet color

what would be the visible color upon adding phenolphthalein to the soap solution

basic

what would be the property of the sample if it turned violet upon adding the phenolphthalein to the solution

white precipitate

what would be the visible result if the prepared soap solution was added with Calcium sulfate, Magnesium sulfate, and Calcium chloride

violet color

what would be the visible result
saturated NaCl + prepared soap solution + phenolphthalein

acid

species that can give up a proton

base

one that accepts proton

acid

electron pair acceptors

base

electron pair donors

true

TRUE OR FALSE

Strong acids are completely ionized in dilute aqueous solutions

• 0.1 M GLYCINE

• 0.1 M ACETIC ACID

• 0.1 M AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

• 0.1 M MONO CHLOROACETIC ACID

• 95% ETHYL ALCOHOL

• 0.1 M UREA

name all the organic compounds used in the test for acidity and alkalinity

lipids

heterogeneous class of naturally occurring organic substances grouped together not by presence of a distinguishing functional group but rather on the basis of common solubility properties.

• FATS

• OILS

• WAXES

simple lipids

triglycerides

most abundant class of lipids and major component of depot or storage lipids in plants and animal cells

glycerol

alcohol of triglycerides

oils

triglycerides that are generally liquid at room temperatures

fats

triglycerides that are generally solids

waxes

are esters of fatty acids and long chain w/ monohydric alcohols of high molecular weight

iodine number

degree of unsaturation in lipid is measured by this

iodine number

number of grams of iodine that would add to the double bonds present in 100 grams of the lipid

vegetable oils

which has higher iodine numbers
vegetable oils
animal fats

• CuSO4

• NaOH

2 REAGENTS USED IN BIURET TEST

0.5% benzidine solution

what solution was added turning the sample into a blue-green solution

dissolved oxygen

what is the benzidine test for?

catalase

enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen and water.

amylase

enzyme that hydrolyzes reserve carbohydrates, starch in plants and glycogen in animals

3% hydrogen peroxide

what reagent was use to produce oxygen which supports the combustion of glowing splint

yellow solution to colorless

what would be the noticeable reaction

Cooked starch + salivary amylase + iodine solution

H2O + O2

what would be the product

extract + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

True

TRUE OR FALSE

Will the visible result of synthetic detergent added with Calcium sulfate, Magnesium sulfate, and Calcium chloride not produce a white precipitate

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