APHY101 Final

Which of the following best describes the reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl?

exchange reaction

The function of the association area in the frontal lobe is

higher intellectual processes, such as reasoning and judgment.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by \__________ and it \__________.

choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull

The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the \__________ , whereas the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the \__________ .

cytoplasm without O2 required; mitochondria with O2 required

A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through

proprioceptors

Epithelial tissue functions in

secretion, absorption, and protection.

Receptors for the special senses are found

primarily in the head

Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?

Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Epidermis is \__________, whereas dermis is \__________.

composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes

Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because

chondrocytes do not have direct blood supplies.

Most of the joints between the short bones in the ankle and wrist are

plane joints

The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

true

Chemistry deals with

the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.

The \__________ is the thin meninx attached to the surface of the brain, containing many nerves and blood vessels.

pia mater

The three borders of the scapula are called

the superior, lateral, and medial borders.

The three borders of the scapula are called

long bone

Action potentials are related to impulses conducted along an axon in that

propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve fiber constitutes an impulse.

For which of the following organelles are the structure and function correctly described?

Endoplasmic reticulum—a network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals that packages protein molecules for secretion

In what molecule are codons found?

mRNA

The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration requires

hydrostatic pressure

What is the relationship of osmotic pressure to the number of solute particles in a solution?

The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

Macromolecules are built of atoms.

true

The consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the

right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa.

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by

joint capsule

The functional connection between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a

synapse

If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged,

motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost.

Eccrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature.

The intestines are innervated by both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. During a meal, the \__________ division activates digestion and slows heart rate. During exercise, the \__________ division slows digestion and increases heart rate.

parasympathetic; sympathetic

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear

white

Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis.

false

While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells are multinucleated. They are long, unbranched, striated, and contain a developed transverse tubule system. Which muscle type does this sample contain?

skeletal muscle

When K+ and Cl- meet, they will

from KCL with an ionic bond

Myelin

consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon.

The functional unit of muscle contraction is

the sarcomere

The color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are

red, green, and blue

The act of closing the fingers to make a fist is an example of what type of joint movement (at the interphalangeal joints)?

flexion

Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane?

phospholipid bilayer

A mutation can cause disease if

the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning.

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?

The palms are facing backward.

Stereoscopic vision results when the

images in the eyes are different

Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?

control of postural reflexes

During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope.

false

A soldier suffers a brain injury, and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in

Broca's area

Rotation of the forearms so the palms face upward is called pronation.

false

The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to

the Greek word for "cutting up."

The muscle that adducts and flexes the arm is the

coracobrachialis

A motor unit is

a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

If a person contracted meningitis (an inflammation of the meninges due to infection), which specific nervous structures would be inflamed and swollen?

The pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of

brain and spinal cord

Treatment for a cataract is usually removal of the

lens

The genetic code is

the correspondence between a sequence of three DNA nucleotides and a specific amino acid.

Myofibrils are composed primarily of

actin and myosin

Transverse tubules

transmit muscle impulses into the cell interior.

A ball-and-socket joint is also called an ellipsoidal joint.

false

The soft part of the nose and the supporting rings of the respiratory passages are composed of fibrocartilage.

false

Every neuron has

cell body

Transmitting an impulse from one neuron to another involves a(n)

impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft.

Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA?

thymine

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.

true

In an ionic bond

oppositely charged atoms attract.

Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species?

reproduction

The \__________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

transverse fissure

pain receptors

respond to factors that can damage tissue.

It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the bone and looking for a(n)

epiphyseal plate

A person is exposed to a drug that prevents vesicles from forming in neurons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve function.

Neurotransmitters won't be released into the synapse via exocytosis.

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a \__________ .

gomphosis

A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is

ATP

Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is

simple squamous epithelium

Golgi tendon organs are stimulated more when

you are straining a muscle hard and causing increased tension.

Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?

All of the answer choices are correct.

The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation.

true

The femur

is the longest bone in the body

If the sinus cavities located within the skull were instead completely filled with bone, the skull would be much heavier.

true

A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function?

No neurotransmitters will be released into the synapse to signal the postsynaptic neuron, as the synaptic knob is where they are stored.

Which of the following bone shape is stated with an incorrect example?

flat bone- thigh bone

Sensory receptors include

baroreceptors

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation?

pungent

Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types?

organization of cells

Which of the following describes the epidermis?

all of the answer choices are correct

The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is

thick and myelinated.

If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution,

the cell will swell and may eventually burst.

The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called

recruitment

The types of neurons that are organized into neuronal pools are

interneurons

Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of \__________.

atoms

Sweat cools the body by

evaporation

Joints are also called

articulations

A protein is formed from a sequence of amino acids.

true

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, whereas osteoblasts are bone-forming cells.

true

Receptors for the general senses are found

widely distributed throughout the body.

Humans require vitamins in their diets because these nutrients

act as coenzymes

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with

muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

The major components of the cell membrane are

lipids and proteins

Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are

multipolar

Histology is the study of

tissues

How do pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors?

they adapt very little, if at all

Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters by \_________.

exocytosis

The term anabolic metabolism refers to

biochemical reactions that synthesize compounds.

Correct

Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of an unstable internal environment.

false