BB 5: Other Blood Groups (IgM)

the following are ____, so they are clinically insignificant:

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

IgM

the following are ____, so they are clinically significant:

• Ss

• Kell

• Kidd

• Rh

• Duffy

• Lu^b

IgG

the following react at ____ phase.

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

IS

the following react at ____ phase.

• Ss

• Kell

• Kidd

• Rh

• Duffy

• Lu^b

AHG

which of the following is found on chromosome 19?

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

Lewis; Lu^a

which of the following is found on chromosome 9?

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

ABO

which of the following is found on chromosome 4?

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

MN

which of the following is found on chromosome 22?

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

P1

which of the following is found on chromosome 6?

• ABO

• Lewis

• MN

• P1

• I/i

• Lu^a

I/i

what are the 3 genes associated with Lewis blood group system?

• H gene

• Se gene

• Le gene

FUT1 refers to ____ gene.

H

FUT2 refers to ____ gene.

Se

FUT3 refers to ____ gene.

Le

if the Le gene is inherited (LeLe or Lele), the ____ substance is produced.

Le^a

le, h, and se genes produce products. true or false?

false

individuals who type as Le(a+b-) are ____.

nonsecretors

a Le person can be a nonsecretor (sese) and still have the ____ present in the body fluids.

Le^a

the bombay genotype (hh) cannot the ____ genotype.

Le^b

for the lewis system, an enzyme adds fucose to the subterminal GlcNAc on the ABH precursor substance in order to form a ____ antigen.

Le^a

the fucose sugar is added at the beta 1-4 linkage to GlcNAc to form the ____ antigen.

Le^a

the fucose sugar is added at the alpha1-4 linkage to GlcNAc to form the ____ antigen.

Le^b

an additional fucose sugar will be added at the alpha 1-2 linkage to galactose to form the ____.

Le^b

Lewis antigens are not intrinsic to RBCs. true or false?

true

what blood group system antigens are adsorbed from the plasma onto the RBC membrane?

lewis

what is the Lewis Red Cell phenotype:

• Le

• Se

• H

Le(a-b+)

what is the Lewis Red Cell phenotype:

• Le

• se

• H

Le(a+b-)

what is the Lewis Red Cell phenotype:

• le

• Se

• H

Le(a-b-)

what is the Lewis Red Cell phenotype:

• le

• se

• H

Le(a-b-)

it is impossible to have a Lewis phenotype if you are have hh genes. true or false?

false

list the following from highest to lowest frequency:

• 1. Le(a+b-)

• 2. Le(a-b+)

• 3. Le(a-b-)

• 4. Le(a+b+)

2, 1, 3, 4

Le^a and Le^b antigens are not antithetical antigens. true or false?

true

Le antigens found in secretions are _____.

glycoproteins

Le antigens found in plasma are _____.

glycolipids

both Le and Se genes must be inherited for the ____ antigen to be present.

Le^b

pregnant women often lose their original Lewis phenotype and become a ____ phenotype.

Le(a-b-)

cordblood RBCs are phenotypically ____.

Le(a-b-)

the ____ phenotype may be seen transiently in children as the grow up.

Le(a+b+)

the correct/true Le phenotype may not be obtained until ____ years of age.

2-3

the loss of lewis antigen expression on RBCs is caused by abnormal ____ metabolism.

lipid

____ antigens can be seen in these medical conditions:

• cancer

• alcoholic cirrhosis

• some infections

lewis

individuals who phenotype as Le(a+b+) are ____.

nonsecretors

a bombay phenotype (hh) cannot express the ____ lewis phenotype.

Le^b

a Le person can be an ABO nonsecretor (sese) and still secrete the ____ antigen into body fluids.

Le^a

what is the predominant chain type found on RBCs?

2

____ techniques using commercially prepared Le substance or Lewis positive plasma may be helpful to confirm the Le antibody OR eliminate the Le antibody reaction to identify other underlying antibodies that may be in the sample.

neutralization

enzymes enhance Lewis antibody activity. true or false?

true

which anti-Le^b classification reacts when both Le^b and H antigens are present?

anti-Le^bH

which anti-Le^b classification reacts when Le^b regardless of ABO type?

anti-Le^bL

the P1P^k antigen was formerly known as the ____ antigen.

P1

the globeside gene is found on chromosome ____.

3

the globeside gene produces the ____ antigen.

P

the ____ antigen is dependent on the terminal N-neuraminic acid.

LKE

the expression of LKE and P^k are directly related. true or false?

false

which P phenotype refers to the following:

• 79% of population

• RBCs possess the P1 and P antigens

P1

which P phenotype refers to the following:

• lack P1 antigen

• expresses P antigen

• can make anti-P1

P2

which P phenotype refers to the following:

• the null phenotype

• lack P1, P, and Pk antigens

• these people have naturally-occurring anti-P1PPk

p

anti-P1PPk was previously known as ____.

anti-Tj^(a-)

which P phenotype refers to the following:

• RBCs expresses P1 and Pk antigens

• the P antigen is missing and usually these people make naturally occurring anti-P

P1k

which P phenotype refers to the following:

• RBCs express only p^k antigen

• the P1 and P antigens are missing and anti-P1 and anti-P can be made

P2k

what are the most common phenotypes of P antigens?

P1; P2

the ____ antigen consists of P, Pk, and P1 antigens.

P1

the ____ antigen consists of P and Pk antigens.

P2

the following describes the ____ antibody:

• usually IgM

• may bind complement

• rarely a problem with transfusion

• most commonly found in the Ab ID panel antigram

• easily inhibited with P1 substance (hydatid cyst fluid)

anti-P1

the following describes the ____ antibody:

• found in sera from Pk individuals

• IgM hemolytic antibody that is clinically significant

• not neutralized by hydatid cyst fluid

anti-P

the following describes the ____ antibody:

• found as an IgG biphasic auto-antibody in PCH

anti-P

what antibody is known as the Donath-Landsteiner antibody?

anti-P

the following describes the ____ antibody of the P system:

• only found other antibodies

anti-Pk

the following describes the ____ antibody of the P system:

• found in p individuals

• found to be IgG and IgM

• very hemolytic

anti-PP1Pk

individuals infected with _____ develop anti-P1

echinococcus granulosis

early abortions are associated with which P antibodies?

anti-PP1Pk; anti-P

the binding sites for E. coli, Streptococcus suis, and human parvovirus B19 are associated with the terminal sugars for ____.

P1

toxins from several pathogenic have binding specificity for ____ terminal sugars.

P1

I and i are not antithetical (opposite) alleles. true or false?

true

of the I system, which allele is branched?

I

of the I system, which allele is straight?

i

I and i are formed by the action of ____.

glycosyltransferase

the i antigen matures to the I antigen at about ____ months.

18

there is no true I negative or i negative individuals. true or false?

true

the ____ substance can be found in saliva, human milk, lymphocytes, and platelets.

I

____ is i antigen positive and I antigen negative.

cordblood

most people have auto anti-I reacting at RT or 4 degrees C. true or false?

true

allo anti-I is an IgM antibody that is very common and is cold reacting (RT or below). true or false?

false

enzymes can enhance detection of I antibodies. true or false?

true

____ the tests for I antibodies can eliminate reactivity.

prewarming

pathogenic or nonpathogenic auto anti-I: secondary to mycoplasma pneumoniae infections?

nonpathogenic

pathogenic or nonpathogenic auto anti-I: associated as a cause of cold agglutinin disease (CAD)?

pathogenic

testing serum against adult group O RBCs and 3 group O cordblood RBCs along with an auto-control can be used in serological confirmation of ____.

auto anti-I

which I system antibody is described:

• IgM auto Ab reacts most strongly with cord cells, less strongly with I_adult cells and most weakly with i_adult

• responsible for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia second to Hodgkin’s disease

anti-I^T

which I system antibody is described:

• primarily harmless auto Ab in the serum to A1 and B individuals

anti-IH

which I system antibody is described:

• reacts against oligosaccharides that express BOTH the I antigen and the A or B antigen

anti-IA1; anti-IB

which I system antibody is described:

• detects oligosaccharides that express the P1 antigen and the I antigen

anti-IP1

which I system antibody is described:

• detects a structure that expresses the I antigen, Le^b antigen, and large quantities of H antigen

anti-ILe^bH

____ is rare and is sometimes associated with infectious mononucleosis (EBV) or lymphoproliferative disorders.

auto anto-i

what is the most frequently inherited haplotype of the MNS system?

Ns

glycophorin A (GYPA) codes for ____.

M; N

glycophorin B (GYPB) codes for ____.

S; s

the structures that carry MN antigens are ____.

glycoprotein

the glycoproteins in the MN antigens are associated with what membrane structures?

sialoglycoproteins

list the 3 main blood groups that show dosing.

MNS, duffy, kidd

if an antigen demonstrates dosage, you must the use the ____ cell to rule out on panel.

homozygous