Page 1 Notes: Computer Basics

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key computer terms from Page 1 notes.

BIOS

The BASIC Input/Output System; enables the core of the operating system to communicate with hardware.

Bit

A binary digit; the smallest unit of information that can be stored as 0 or 1.

Byte

A grouping of binary digits (0 or 1) which represent information.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the main chip that executes all commands.

Disc

A device which you can store programs and data.

File

The name given to an area on disc containing a program or data.

Filename

The name given to a file; it must not exceed 8 characters in length and can have up to a 3-character extension.

File extension

The optional three-letter suffix following the period in a filename.

Path

The drive and directories that DOS should look in for files; tells DOS how to locate a file within the directory structure.

Port

An input/output address through which your PC interacts with external devices.

Program

A set of instructions which cause a computer to perform certain tasks.

Hardcopy

Output on paper.

Hardware

The visible, tangible equipment that makes up a computer system.

Software

The non-visible, non-tangible programs and instructions that control your PC's functionality.

ROM

Read Only Memory; the microcomputer's non-volatile memory; data are written into this memory at manufacture and are not affected by power loss.

RAM

Random Access Memory; the microcomputer's volatile memory; data held in it is lost when power is switched off.

Memory

Storage elements organized into addressable locations that can hold data and instructions in a PC.

Megabyte (MB)

1024 kilobytes of information or storage space.

Megahertz (MHz)

Speed of the processor in millions of cycles per second.

Mouse

A device used to manipulate a pointer around the display.

Monitor

The display device(s) connected to a PC; also known as the Screen or VDU.

Microprocessor

A PC's calculating chip.

Multitasking

Running more than one computer application at the same time; an OS that permits multitasking allows actions like printing while editing and downloading in the background.

Client/Server

A networking system in which one or more file servers provide services for workstations (clients), such as network management and centralized data storage.

Intranet

Network internal to an organization that uses Internet protocols.

Internet

A global network of networks used to exchange information using the TCP/IP protocol; enables email and retrieval of information from remote sources.