Marriage and Family ICC Final

True

Conflict is a natural part of every relationship.

to coordinate work with personal/family needs

The text observes that a little more than half of home-based workers are women. Besides catching up on work, the reason they give most often for working at home is______

corporal punishment

The home lives of undocumented parents are often characterized by______

True

According to professionals, a collaborative divorce is best as it is focused on mutual respect and family preservation.

lower relationship satisfaction

Research clearly indicates that the tactics associated with winning in a particular conflict are also those associated with _________

True

The arrival of a child is less disruptive when the parents get along well and have a strong commitment to parenting.

flexible scheduling

Job sharing, working at home or telecommuting, compressed workweeks, and personal days are all examples of________

decrease

Economic downturns typically lead to a(n)__________ in divorce rates

more

According to the text, fathers are spending __________ time with their children in comparison to the past.

stepchildren

The text points out that remarriages dissolve at higher rates than first marriages, especially for remarried couples who have _______

Complete triad

Research on communication patterns in stepfamilies reveals several different communication patterns. In which pattern does communication flow freely, involving all members of the stepfamily equally?

True

All in all, 42 percent of adults have at least one step-relative

False

The stepmother's role and relationships with stepchildren are usually less problematic than those of stepfathers.

Criticism

______ involves making disapproving judgments or evaluations of one’s partner.

Many divorced persons who would have remarried in the past are now cohabiting in stepfamilies.

Which of the following is one of the reasons offered in the text for the slight decline in remarriage rates?

low-intensity negative affect

According to John Gottman and his colleagues, anger, sadness, and whining are examples of ______

pronatalist bias

In American society, having children is taken for granted, whereas not having children seems to need a justification. This reflects a _____

neotraditional

The __________ family is one in which a traditional division of labor is the ideal. This family model is often associated with evangelical Christianity, as well as Orthodox Judaism, traditional Catholicism, and Mormonism.

do not pay well

Women often find that "family-friendly" occupations_____

two

Today, __________ child(ren) constitute(s) Americans' ideal family size.

2

Although about 15–20 percent of mothers are uncoupled single mothers, slightly more than__________percent of fathers are single fathers.

parent–child

The child-inclusive approach focuses on __________communication.

the number of divorces per 1,000 population

The crude divorce rate is____

“I felt really hurt when you said that.”

Which of the following is the most helpful “I-statement”?

True

The effective use of contraception has contributed both to the falling birthrate and the falling rate of abortion.

does not work well for most remarried families

According to the text, the nuclear-family model ________

refusing-to-accept influence

According to John Gottman and his colleagues, when one partner's first negative expression is reciprocated with an escalation of the negativity, this reflects _________

$60,000 and $80,000

A surrogate birth can cost future parents between _______

are most commonly couples or individuals in which the woman has had no children, has impaired fertility, and has used infertility services

Those who adopt unrelated children __

continue to be viewed as norm violators.

In the United States, stay-at-home fathers

emphasize their similarity to heterosexual parents

Same-sex parents tend to______

far fewer

There are__________ social, moral, and legal constraints on divorce than in the past.

Remarrieds receive more social support from their families of origin and are generally more integrated with parents and in-laws.

The text offers several reasons for the lower overall stability of remarriages. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

True

Research on racial/ethnic differences finds that the pattern of men’s spending less time than women in housework occurs in white, black, and Hispanic families.

seem to benefit from a divorce

Children in high-conflict marriages______

race socialization

Most families of color engage in __________, developing children's pride in their cultural heritage while preparing them for the possibility of discrimination.

two-earner

Today, the statistical norm among married couples is the__________partnership.

$245,000

In 2013, the average cost of raising a child to age 18 is estimated at __________ for middle-income families.

Upper-middle-class parents

Which of the following is LEAST likely to spank their children?

Authoritative

The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style?

female-demand/male-withdraw

When faced with a complaint from their partner, men tend to withdraw emotionally while women do not. This response is so common that therapists have named it the "__________ pattern."

Even with two or more jobs, many Americans do not earn enough to support a family.

Which statement about economic resources is accurate?

unresolved

Research has shown a link between ____________ parental conflict and children’s behavior problems.

Involuntary infertility

Which of the following concepts indicates the condition of wanting to conceive and bear a child but being physically unable to do so?

70

In the NBC News 2015 State of Kindness Poll, __________ percent of Americans surveyed agreed that technology is weakening relationships.

40

Today, __________ percent of adopted children are of a different race than one or both of their parents

unilateral

No-fault divorce is sometimes referred to as __________divorce because one partner can secure the divorce even if the other wants to continue the marriage.

permissive

The __________ parent's style is indulgent and often leads to the classic "spoiled child."

decreased marital stability

Shift work is associated with ______

not only take financial responsibility but also are actively involved in child care

The new image of a "good" father in today's society says that fathers _________

An increase in sexual abstinence

The text offers several explanations for the drop in overall fertility levels. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

True

The frequency of divorce increased throughout most of the twentieth century.

Children

_______ lower the likelihood of remarriage for both men and women.

False

Sabotage is a helpful way of pointing out an area of conflict to a partner.

stepmothers expect to be included in stepfamily activities but do not see themselves as replacing the stepchild’s mother

A small study cited in the text asked 265 stepmothers about their expectations of the stepmother role. The researchers found that _________

cohabitation

The text observes that today, more and more stepfamilies result from ______

True

Authoritative parenting combines emotional nurturing and support with parental direction.

authoritarian

The __________ parent’s attitude is “I am in charge and set/enforce the rules, no matter what.”

half

About __________ of all women who have had an abortion have had a previous abortion

one-third

About __________ of Artificial Reproductive Technology procedures result in a live birth.

satisfaction with family life

White and Booth found that marital quality does not vary greatly between first marriages and single or double remarriages; it is __________ that is generally affected.

abortion does not typically lead to severe or long-lasting emotional problems

The American Psychological Association has taken the position that _______

True

Before mothers entered the work force in large numbers, their employment outside the home was considered problematic.

five years

Divorces occur relatively early in marriage. A large percentage end in about ___

companionate relationship

Marriage was originally a social institution directed toward the practical purposes of economic support and responsible child rearing. Today, marriage tends to be viewed as a__________

family cohesion

The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as _____

Warm, or friendly

According to classification by researchers Huston and Melz, which type of marriage is high on showing signs of love and affection while low on antagonism?

Most parents today do not have to worry about caring for their own aging parents.

Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as among the features of the social context of child rearing that can make modern parenting difficult?

True

The deportation of parents with children who are American citizens has been termed "multigenerational punishment."

occupational segregation.

The pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs is termed_________

hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury

According to the text, spanking refers to_________

family boundary ambiguity

"When family members are uncertain in their perception of who is in or out of the family or who is performing what roles and tasks within the family system," this is a state called __________

characterize unhappy marriages and signal impending divorce

According to the text, contempt, criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, and belligerence __________

Rebellion

One stepfamily scholar (Papernow) has suggested a seven-stage model of stepfamily development. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in this model?

Asian/Pacific Islander

The abortion ratio is highest among black and __________ women.

 

85

Approximately __________ percent of abortions are obtained by unmarried women.

“parentified”

Children of divorce also are more likely to have been __________, meaning they were forced to take on adult responsibilities before they were developmentally mature enough to handle them.

very much like a first marriage

When neither spouse enters a remarriage with children, the couple's union is usually __________.

foster care

The goal of __________ is to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home.

True

Some husbands today are rejecting the idea that dedication to one’s job or occupational achievement is the ultimate indicator of success.

Formal kinship care

Out-of-home placement with biological relatives of children who are in the custody of the state is ________

stalled revolution

Attitudes and behaviors in relationships became increasingly egalitarian since the 1970s. Then the trend toward egalitarian behavior slowed during the 1990s. Feminists refer to this development as a _________

Your partner should automatically know how you think and feel.

What false belief is detrimental to a relationship?

True

Children younger than 18 make up about one-quarter of the homeless.

improve

Many stepparent-stepchild relationships__________over time.

True

Remarriages are less stable than first marriages

Tempestuous, or stormy

According to classification by researchers Huston and Melz, which type of marriage is high on both affection and antagonism?

resilient.

Children and adults can demonstrate the capacity to recover from adverse situations and events.  This is called being

living in poverty

Compared to married mothers, single mothers are more likely to be________

internalizing

Children who report, “I am unhappy a lot,” or “I worry a lot,” are evidencing __________ behavioral problems associated with emotional or psychological problems

structural antinatalism

Because some of America's values, laws, employment policies, and culture are slanted against parents and their children, some scholars have warned that our society is characterized by __________.

wives feel that husbands share fairly in the household work

Study after study shows that marital satisfaction is greater when ______

more than doubled

Between 1960 and a peak in 1980, the refined divorce rate_______

at significantly lower ages

In comparison with teens in intact families, older teenage and young adult children in stepfamilies leave home _______

 

paradox of parenting.

New parents feel overwhelmed, but the motivation to overcome their stress and do their best proceeds from the stressor itself. This has been termed the

education

Lower-income parents are less likely to live in neighborhoods that value______

interdependence

Family systems theory emphasizes __________ in family relationships.

psychological

In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary __________ parent, assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.

Stepmothers have worse mental health than biological mothers.

Which statement about the well-being of stepparents is accurate?

the overall development of their child’s talents and potential

Upper-class, highly educated parents are more likely to emphasize concerted cultivation, which is__________.