heimler apush unit 1

Southwest

farmers (maize), advanced irrigation, small urban centers ex. Pueblo

Great Basin/Plains

nomadic hunter/gatherers (buffalo); small egalitarian kinship bands ex. Ute

Pacific Coast/Northwest

permanent villages of almost 1,000 people; abundance of fish, small hunted animals, and plant life; coastal trade ex. Chinook, Chumash

Northeast

farmers, villages w longhouses, abundant resources (timber, fur, fish) ex. Iroquois

Mississippi River Valley

farmers bc of rich soil, river based trade ex. Cahokia

Central and South America

large urban centers, complex political systems, maize cultivation, well formed religions (spread north) ex. Aztec, Inca, Maya

What prompted European exploration?

more centralized states, demand for luxury goods, maritime technology from Portuguese trading post empire (astrolabe, sternpost rudder, lateen sail)

Reasons for exploration

find new sources of wealth, extracting resources, spreading religion

encomienda system

gave Spanish settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them in Christianity and teaching them skills

casta system

Strict social hierarchy structured on racial components, designed to ensure Spanish-European dominance in new Spain

Pueblo Revolt

1680 uprising by Pueblo Indians of the Southwest (bc of forced religious conversion) which drove the Spanish out of New Mexico, factor in shift to African American slaves

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts