Abnormal Psychology Phase 3: Mood Disorders and Suicide, Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders, Physical Disorders, Sexual Dysfunctions

Flashcards related to the key vocabularies and concepts from the lecture notes.

Unipolar Mood Disorder

Individuals who suffers either depression or mania; mood remains at one “pole” of the usual depression- mania continuum

Unipolar Depression

Have no history of mania and return to a normal or nearly normal mood when their depression lifts

Bipolar Disorders

Have periods of mania that alternate with periods of depression

Major Depressive Episode

Most commonly diagnosed and most severe depression

Anhedonia

Loss of energy and inability to engage in pleasurable activity or have any “fun”

Mania

Extreme pleasure in every activity, becoming extraordinarily active, requires little sleep, and may develop grandiose plans, believing they can accomplish anything they desire

Hypomania

Less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning

BP1

Consists of at least one MANIC episode

BP2

Major depressive episodes with HYPOMANIC episodes rather than full manic episodes

Cyclothymic Disorder

Milder but more chronic version of bipolar disorder

Rapid Cycling Specifier

Presence at least 4 mood episodes in the previous 12 mounts that meat the criteria for manic, hypomanic, or MDE

Disruptive Mood Disorder (DMDD)

Onset must be before age of 10 yrs, with developmental age of younger than 6 yrs

Double Depression

Suffer from both MDE and PDD with fewer symptoms

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Episodes must have occurred for at least 2 yrs with no evidence of nonseasonal MDE during that period of time

Integrated Grief

Acute grief, the finality of death and its consequences are acknowledged and the individual adjusts to the loss

Complicated Grief

This reaction can develop without preexisting depressed state

Permissive Hypothesis

When serotonin (norepinephrine) levels are low, other neurotransmitters are permitted to range more widely, become dysregulated, and contribute to mood irregularities

Introjection

Direct all their feelings for the loved one, including sadness and anger, toward themselves

Symbolic or Imagined Loss

Person equates other kinds of events with the loss of a loved one

Learned Helplessness (Martin Seligman)

If they learn that nothing they do helps them avoid the shocks, they eventually become helpless, give up, and manifest an animal equivalent of depression

Depressive Cognitive Triad

They make cognitive errors in thinking negatively about themselves, their immediate world, and their future

Suicide

Self-inflicted death in which the person acts intentionally, directly, and consciously

Death Seekers

Clearly intend to end their lives at the time they attempt suicide

Death Initiators

Clearly intend to end their lives, but they act out of a belief that the process is already under the way and that they are simply hastening the process

Death Ignorers

Do not believe that their self-inflicted death will mean the end of their existence

Death Darers

Experience mixed feelings, or ambivalence, about their intent to die, even at the moment of their attempt, and they show this ambivalence in the act itself

Subintentional Death

A death in which the victim plays an indirect, hidden, partial, or unconscious role

Suicidal Ideation

Thinking seriously about suicide

Suicidal Plans

Formulation of a specific method for killing oneself

Suicidal Attempts

The person survives from attempts

Altruistic Suicide

Formalized suicides; dishonor to self, family, or society

Egoistic Suicide

Loss of social supports as an important provocation for suicide

Anomic Suicide

Result of marked disruptions, such as sudden loss of job

Fatalistic Suicide

Loss of control over one’s own destiny

Hopelessness

Pessimistic belief that one’s present circumstances, problems, or mood will not change

Dichotomous Thinking

Viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms

Pica, Rumination, & Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Occur in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, although childhood onset is the most commonly reported

Anorexia Nervosa

Fear of gaining weight

Bulimia Nervosa

Individuals with Bulimia maintain body weight or above a minimally normal level

Obesity

One of the most dangerous epidemics confronting public health authorities around the world

Dyssomnias

Difficulties in getting enough sleep, problems with sleeping when you want to, and complaints about the quality of sleep

Parasomnia

Characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological events that occur during sleep

Polysomnographic Evaluation (PSG)

Determines the comprehensive picture of the sleep habits

Actigraph

Records the number of arm movements to determine the length and quality of sleep

Sleep Efficiency

Percentage of time actually spent asleep, not just lying in bed trying to sleep

Microsleeps

Lasts several seconds or longer

Rebound Insomnia

Sleep problems reappear, sometimes worst

Apnea

Total absence of airflow

Hypopnea

Reduction in airflow

Delayed Sleep Phase

History of a delay in the timing of the major sleep period in relation to the desired sleep and wake up time, resulting in symptoms of insomnia and excessive sleepiness

Irregular Sleep-Wake Type

Characterized by a lack of discernable sleep-wake circadian rhythm

Behavioral Medicine

The application of behavioral science techniques to prevent, diagnose, and treat medical problems

Health Psychology

Focuses on psychological factors involved in the promotion of health and well-being

Lifelong

Chronic condition that is present during a person’s entire sexual life

Acquired

Begins after sexual activity has been relatively normal

Generalized

Occurring every time the individual attempts sex

Situational

Occurring with some partners or at certain times but not with other partners or at other times

Orgasmic Reconditioning

Conditioning wherein right before orgasm, an individual think of a specific stimuli in order for them to be aroused by that stimuli

Pedophilia

Sexual attraction to children

Incest

Pedophilia with the relatives

Gender Dysphoria

Formerly known as Intersexuality or Hermaphroditism

Gender Nonconformity

Boys who behave in feminine ways and girls who behave in masculine ways