326 OIAI: Lower Limb

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Gluteus Maximus muscle

O: Thoracolumbar fascia; gluteal fossa of the iliac wing; sacrotuberous ligament; posterior and inferior sacrum and coccyx

I: Gluteal tuberosity of the femur; iliotibial band

A: Extension of thigh; external rotation of thigh, abduction of thigh

N: Inferior gluteal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Gluteus Medius muscle

O: Gluteal fossa of the iliac wing

I: Greater trochanter of the femur

A: Abduction of the thighs

Anterior fibres: Internal rotation

Posterior fibres: external rotation of the thigh at the hip

Working as a whole: stabilizer of the pelvis

N: Superior gluteal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Gluteus Minimus muscle

O: Gluteal fossa of the iliac wing

I: Greater trochanter of the femur

A: Abduction of the thigh;

Anterior portion: Internal rotation of the thigh (only)

N: Superior gluteal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Tensor Fascia Latae

O: Anterior superior iliac spine

I: Iliotibial tract

A: Abduction of the thigh at the hip (with gluteus max); flexion of the thigh; internal rotation of the thigh

N: Superior gluteal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Piriformis muscle

O: Anterior surface of the sacrum

I: Greater trochanter of the femur

A: External rotation of the thigh; abduction of the thigh

N: Branches of the sacral plexus

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Superior Gemellus muscle

O: Spine of the ischium

I: Greater trochanter of the femur

A: External rotation of the thigh; abduction of the thigh

N: Branches of the sacral plexus

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Obturator internus muscle

O: Posterior surface of the obturator membrane

I: Greater trochanter of the femur; trochanteric fossa

A: External rotation of the thigh

N: Branches of the sacral plexus

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Inferior Gemellus muscle

O: Tuberosity of the ischium

I: Greater trochanter of the femur

A: External rotation of the thigh; abduction of the thigh

N: Branches of the sacral plexus

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Obturator Externus muscle

O: Anterior surface of obturator membrane

I: Trochanteric fossa

A: External rotation of thigh; Adduction of the thigh

N: Obturator nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Quadratus femoris muscle

O: Tuberosity of the ischium

I: Intertrochanteric crest of the femur

A: External rotation of the thigh; adduction of the thigh

N: Branches of the sacral plexus

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Biceps femoris muscle

O: Long head → tuberosity of the ischium

Short head → linea aspera of the femur

I: Head of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia

A: Both heads → flexion of the leg; external rotation of the flexed leg;

Long head → extension of the thigh

N: Long head → tibial nerve

Short head → common peroneal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Semitendinosus muscle

O: Tuberosity of the ischium; sacrotuberous ligament

I: Pes anserinus (proximal tibia)

A: Flexion of the leg; internal rotation of the flexed leg; extension of the thigh

N: Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Semimembranosus muscle

O: Tuberosity of the ischium

I: Dorsal surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

A: Flexion of the leg; internal rotation of the flexed leg; extension of the thigh

N: Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Psoas major muscle

O: Transverse processes, L1-L5

I: Lesser trochanter of the femur

A: Flexion of the thigh; flexion of the trunk

N: Branches of lumbar plexus

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Iliacus muscle

O: Iliac fossa

I: Lesser trochanter of the femur

A: Flexion of the thigh; flexion of the trunk

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Sartorius muscle

O: Anterior superior iliac spine

I: Medial aspect of the tibia via pes anserinus

A: Flexion of the thigh; flexion of the leg; external rotation of the thigh; internal rotation of the leg

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Rectus femoris muscle

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine

I: Patella, tibial tuberosity

A: Extension of the leg; flexion of the thigh

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Vastus lateralis muscle

O: Linea aspera of the femur; greater trochanter of the femur

I: Patella, tibial tuberosity

A: Extension of the leg

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Vastus medialis muscle

O: Linea aspera of the femur; intertrochanteric line

I: Patella, tibial tuberosity

A: Extension of the leg

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Vastus intermedius muscle

O: Body of femur

I: Patella, tibial tuberosity

A: Extension of the leg

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Pectineus muscle

O: Pectineal line of the pubic bone

I: Pectineal line of the femur

A: Adduction of the thigh; external rotation of the thigh

N: Femoral nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Adductor brevis muscle

O: Body of the pubic bone; inferior pubic ramus

I: Linea aspera of the femur

A: Adduction of the thigh; internal and external rotation of the thigh (depending on position of femur - flexed = internal rotation; extension = external rotation)

N: Obturator nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Adductor longus muscle

O: Body of the pubic bone

I: Linea aspera of the femur

A: Adduction of the thigh; external rotation of the thigh

N: Obturator nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Adductor magnus muscle

O: Hamstring portion → Ischial tuberosity

Adductor portion → Ischiopubic ramus

I: Hamstring portion → adductor tubercle of the femur

Adductor portion → linea aspera of the femur

A: Hamstring portion → extension of the thigh

Adductor portion → (powerful) adduction of thigh

N: Hamstring portion → sciatic nerve

Adductor portion → obturator nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Gracilus muscle

O: Body of the pubic bone; inferior pubic ramus

I: Pes anserinus

A: Adduction of the thigh; flexion of the leg; internal rotation of the leg

N: Obturator nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Tibialis anterior muscle

O: Lateral condyle of the tibia; lateral aspect of the tibia; interosseous membrane of the leg

I: Base of the first metatarsal; medial cuneiform bone

A: Dorsiflexion of the foot; inversion of the foot

N: Deep peroneal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Extensor digitorum longus muscle

O: Lateral condyle of the tibia; upper fibula; interosseous membrane of the leg

I: Middle and distal phalanges of the lateral four digits

A: Dorsiflexion of the foot; extension of digits 2-5

N: Deep peroneal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Extensor hallucis longus muscle

O: Medial aspect of the fibula; interosseous membrane of the leg

I: Dorsal surface of the first distal phalanx

A: Extension of digit 1; dorsiflexion of the foot; inversion of the foot

N: Deep peroneal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Peroneus/fibularis longus muscle

O: Head of the fibula; upper fibula

I: Base of the first metatarsal; medial cuneiform

A: Eversion of the foot; (weak) plantar flexion of the foot

N: Superficial peroneal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Peroneus/fibularis brevis muscle

O: Lateral distal fibula

I: Lateral side of fifth metatarsal

A: Eversion of the foot; (weak) plantarflexion of the foot

N: Superficial peroneal nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Gastrocnemius muscle

O: Lateral epicondyle of the femur; medial epicondyle of the femur

I: Tuber calcanei (via the calcaneal tendon)

A: Plantarflexion of the foot when the leg is extended; flexion of the leg

N: Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Soleus muscle

O: Posterior fibula; soleal line of the tibia

I: Tuber calcanei (via calcaneal tendon)

A: Plantarflexion of the foot (independent of leg extension); (high percentage of slow-twitch fibres)

N: Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Plantaris muscle

O: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur

I: Tuber calcanei (via the calcaneal tendon)

A: (weak) Plantarflexion of the foot

N: Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Popliteus muscle

O: Lateral femoral epicondyle

I: Proximal, posterior tibia

A: Flexion of the leg; internal rotation of the leg - “unlocks the knee”

N: Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Flexor hallucis longus muscle

O: Posterior fibula; interosseous membrane

I: Inferior surface of the first distal phalanx

A: Flexion of digit 1 of the foot; plantarflexion of foot; inversion of the foot

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Flexor digitorum longus muscle

O: Posterior tibia (body)

I: Inferior surfaces of distal phalanges of toes (2-5)

A: Flexion of toes 2-5; plantarflexion of the foot; inversion of the foot

N:Tibial nerve

Name the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation (N) of the Tibialis posterior muscle

O: Posterior fibula; posterior tibia; interosseous membrane

I: Lateral cuneiform bone; intermediate cuneiform bone; medial cuneiform bone; tuberosity of the navicular bone

A: Plantarflexion of the foot; inversion of the foot; major role in supporting the medial arch

N: Tibial nerve