AP EURO 8.2-8.4

imperial competition

counties were in competition to colonize Asia and Africa, at times getting close to declaring war on eachother. This increased nationalism and militarism, pushing rivalries to new heights.

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

His assassination started WW1.

Gavrilo Princip

Serbian nationalist who killed Archduke Franic Ferdinand.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire.

Allied Powers

Bulgaria, France, Britain, and Russia. Italy after being allied with Austria-Hungary and Germany joined in 1915. The United States joined in 1917.

Western Front

stretched more than 400 miles from Belgium through France.

Eastern Front

Extended for 1,000 miles from the Baltic Sea in the north, to the Black Sea in the South.

Stalemate

When the German army confronted British and France forces in a series of battles, both sides suffered many deaths. The war seemed to stand still.

Arimistice

Germany signed this treaty with the allies. This treaty ended WW1.

Easter Rebellion

Broke out in Dublin, Ireland. A week of street fighting between Irish rebels and British troops ended with the uprising crushed. The British executed 15 rebel leaders.

Tsar Nicholas II

As a result of the Russian Revolution, he abdicated his throne in march 1917, and a provisional government took over.

Kamal Ataturk

Leader of the new modern state of Turkey. He did not participate in WW2.

Mandate System

Victor nations governed the colonies of the undefeated nations. This was also applied to Middle Eastern territories once ruled by the Ottoman Empire. France and Britain controlled the regions of Palestine and Syria.

communism

advocated ownership of the means of production by the proletariat, with the ultimate goal of a classless society.

Proletariat

working class

Facism

Opposite of communism. Espoused a strong central government with dictatorial control over the economy and lives of the individuals. Extreme form of the right wing ideology.

Duma

Elected legislature. Tsar Nicholas II agreed to create this after a violent march to the tsar's palace.

Provisional Government

Represented the middle class and liberal aristocrats rather than workers and peasants. Thos government wanted to continue the war as a matter of national honor.

Soviets

councils that represented workers, peasants, and soldiers.

Leon Trotsky

Was once a member of the more moderate Menshevik faction of the Social Democratic Party but had become an ardent supporter of the revolution.

War communism

Communists established this. Took steps at nationalizing banks and industries. Took grain from peasants, and created a centralized government bureaucracy controlled by the Bolsheviks.

New Economic Policy

Introduced by Lenin. A modified form of a free market or small-scale capitalist economy. Peasants were allowed to sell their produce on an open market. Improved economy and harvests, made the country more stable.

Woodrow Wilson

US president. In early 1918, he introduced fourteen points. Wanted post war peace and security in Europe and world wide. "Peace without victory."

David Lloyd George

Prime Minister of Great Britian

Georges Clemenceau

Prime minister of France. Germany accepted guilt for starting the war and paid heavy reparations.

Reparations

money paid for the cost of war and damages it caused to the victorious nations.

Treaty of versailles

Required Germany to give up 10% of its land and all of its foreign colonies. Nation was forced to disarm.

Weimar Republic

This was established after the war and could not rebuild the economy or stabilize German society.

League of Nations

Was created as part of the Treaty of Versailles. This was intended as a forum where nations could work to resolve their differences. It's charter was based in part of Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Disarmament

One of the league's main goals. Without weapons, nations could not gight in wars.