digestion quiz

mechanical digestion

physical breaking down of food into digestible particles

• teeth- accessory digestive organs

• stomach- churn and mix

• small intestine- muscle contractions (peristalsis)

chemical digestion

breaking down food into nutrients using enzymes

• mouth- saliva

• stomach

• small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

carbohydrates

preferred energy source

broken down by salivary (mouth) and pancreatic amylase (small intestine)

lipids

bile salts- made in liver and released in small intestine, emulsified

pancreatic lipase- small intestine, stored/used as fat

proteins

pepsin- stomach/HCl

pancreatic enzymes- small intestine

macronutrients

provide body with energy

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water

micronutrients

essential elements the body needs in small amounts

vitamins and minerals

vitamins

organic

broken down by head, air, acid

less stable and more fragile

minerals

inorganic and more stable

calcium, zinc, flouride, magnesium, potassium

cardiac sphincter

esophagus to stomach

entering the stomach

pyloric sphincter

stomach to small intestine/pyloric region

leaving the stomach

internal anal sphincter

involuntary

external anal sphincter

voluntary

mastication

chewing

deglutition

swallowing

• buccal phase- bolus is formed and forced into pharynx by the tongue

• pharyngeal esophageal phase- epiglottis blocks bolus from going into the respiratory system and into the esophagus instead

peristalsis

waves of muscles contractions that propel the bolus down the esophagus

catabolism

breaking down complex molecules using atp

anabolism

formation of complex molecules using energy