Glycolysis, Glycolysis

1. Glucose
2. Aldehyde

What molecule is this? Is it a ketone or an aldehyde?

Create Glucose 6 Phosphate out of Glucose

What is the purpose of hexokinase?

Hexokinase

What enzyme creates Glucose 6 Phosphate from Glucose?

Change Glucose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 6 Phosphate

What is the function of Phosphoglucose Isomerase?

Phosphoglucose Isomerase

What enzyme changes Glucose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 6 Phosphate?

Change Fructose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 1,6 BisPhosphate.

What is the function of Phosphofructokinase (PFK)?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

What enzyme changes Fructose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 1,6 BisPhosphate?

To change Fructose 1,6 BisPhosphate to Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

What is the function of Aldolase?

Aldolase

What enzyme changes Fructose 1,6 BisPhophate to Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate?

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

What molecule is this?

Triose Phosphate Isomerase

What enzyme changes Dihydroxyacetone to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate?

To change Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate.

What is the function of Triose Phosphate Isomerase?

Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate

What molecule is this?

To change Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate

What is the function of Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase?

Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

What enzyme changes Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate?

1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate

What molecule is this?

To change 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate to 3 Phosphoglycerate

What is the function of Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Phosphoglycerate Kinase

What enzyme changes 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate to 3 Phophoglycerate?

3 Phosphoglycerate

What molecule is this?

To change 3 Phosphoglycerate to 2 Phosphoglycerate.

What is the function of Phosphoglycerate Mutase?

Phosphoglycerate Mutase

What enzyme changes 3 Phosphoglycerate to 2 Phosphoglycerate?

2 Phosphoglycerate

What molecule is this?

To change 2 Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenolpyruvate

What s the function of Enolase?

Enolase

What enzyme changes 2 Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenolpyruvate?

Pyruvate

What molecule is this?

To change Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate.

What is the function of Pyruvate Kinase?

Pyruvate Kinase

What enzyme changes Phophoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate?

To change Pyruvate to Lactate

What is the function of Lactate Dehydrogenase?

Lactate Dehydrogenase

What enzyme changes Pyruvate to Lactate?

1. Glycolysis is the oxidation of glucose. Pyruvate is the end product.
2. Provides ATP. NADH is also produced.
3. In aerobic organisms, glycolysis yields precursors to the Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport System

What are the 3 purposes of Glycoysis?

In the cytosol

Where does glycolysis take place?

1. Bring glucose into the cell
2. Change glucose into an "energy rich sugar"

What are the 2 functions of the first half of glycolysis?

1. Adds a phosphate group

How does the first half of glycolysis "trap" glucose in the cell?

Glycolysis is what kind of pathway

catabolism

1 Glucose leads to how many pyruvate

2

What are the products of glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 2 atp , 2 NADH

How many intermediates are bisphosphorylated

2

What is the first high energy forming reaction catalyzed by?

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (inorganic P added to NAD+-->NADH)

how is a mutase different from an isomerase

the mutase moves the phosphate group to different carbon position

What are pyruvates 2 fates

lactate dehydrogenation and alcohol dehydrogenation

Where is NAD+ regenerated?

lactate fermentation of the skeletal muscle ( through contraction) and Electron Transport Chain

Where is another location for NAD+ regeneration that is less beneficial for human cells?

yeast through alcohol dehydrogenation (through metabolism) and Electron Transport Chain