ibdp english a

call to action

Author's demand of the reader

Grandious

impressive; showy; magnificent

pretentious

pompous, self-important

Ethos

credibility

dichotomy

a division into two parts

Hypophora

raising a question then proceeding to answer it

Juxtaposition

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

Paradox

A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Alienation

feeling isolated and separated from everyone else

Anadiplosis

repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Anchoring

connecting a central idea or text to recurring elements to provide focus and structure; caption, illustration, commentary

anecdote

a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

Antagonist

A character or force in conflict with the main character

Antithesis

Direct opposite

appeal

a mode of persuasion

Appeal to Authority

Appeals to an authority to support a position, idea, argument, or course of action

Appeal to Fear

makes people feel as if their safety, security, or health is in danger

assertion

a strong declaration of forceful conviction based on belief

Assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds

atmosphere

the feeling, emotion, or mood a writer conveys to a reader through the description of setting and objects

bandwagon effect

When people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls

cacophony

A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds

caricature

(n.) a representation (especially in drawing) in which the subject's characteristic features are deliberately exaggerated; (v.) to present someone or something in a deliberately distorted way

Cartoonification

the process of turning an object or person into a cartoon by drawing them in a stylized or abstract way

click bait

content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page

Colloquialism

A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't)

composition

the makeup of something

condescension

a feeling of superiority

Connective

a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

Consonance

Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.

context of interpretation

the factors that can influence a reader of a text, such as time, place and personal experience

Denotation

the literal meaning of a word

Connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

Denouncement

conclusion; resolution; the falling action of a story after its climax

Diacope

Repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase

dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Dialogue

Conversation between characters

direct speech

A way of writing which quotes actual words spoken between quotation marks.

Disinformation

false information purposely disseminated, usually by a government, for the purpose of creating a false impression

Dysphemism

The opposite of euphemism, a word or expression to make something sound more unpleasant than is usually acceptable

Ellipsis

three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in a thought or quotation

emanata

Text or icons that represent what's going on in the character's head.

Enumeration

the action of mentioning a number of things one by one

Euphemism

An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant

Exposition

A narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances.

falling action

the part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved

False Dichotomy

Consists of a consideration of only the two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities

fearmongering

the action of deliberately arousing public fear or alarm about a particular issue

Feminist Literary Criticism

the art or practice of commenting critically on literary works by focusing on their representation of women and their advocacy for gender equality

figurative speech

any language that is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense

Foil

A character who acts as a contrast to another character

frame narration

a story within a story

free indirect speech

a style of third-person narration which uses some of the characteristics of third-person along with the essence of first-person direct speech

gender stereotyping

generalizations based on oversimplified or outmoded assumptions about gender roles

gutter

the space between framed panels

hate speech

Expression that is offensive or abusive, particularly in terms of race, gender, or sexual orientation. It is currently protected under the First Amendment.

headlines

titles written in large letters above reports/articles

hegemony

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.

hindsight bias

I knew it all along phenomenon

Hyperbole

extreme exaggeration

icon

image

Idiolect

Language use that is typical of a particular person

Imagery

language that appeals to the senses

imperative

a command or order

Labelling

the process of classifying and naming a mental disorder following a diagnosis

limited narrator

a narrator who presents the story as it is seen and understood by a single character and restricts information to what is seen, heard, thought, or felt by that one character

Statistics

numerical data

direct address

words that tell the reader who is being addressed

rhetorical question

A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer

Assertive language

Wording that is clear and direct

Indirect involvement

A technique that requests the reader to be involved in a particular way through a keyword (imagine..)

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

Emotive language

Deliberate use of language by a writer to instill a feeling or visual.

Allegory

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

Ambiguity

An event or situation that may be

interpreted in more than one way.

Analogy

A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way

Anthropomorphism

the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.

Oxymoron

conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')

sensationalize

to write or talk about an event in a way that makes it seem as exciting and shocking as possible

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Tricolon

Sentence consisting of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses.

Catharsis

a release of emotional tension

Onomatopoeia

A word that imitates the sound it represents.

splash panel/page

A panel that takes up the space of several panels in the comic in order to introduce or highlight an action or character.

speech bubble

These are frames around the characters' language, a kind of 'direct speech', where the characters speak for themselves. If these appear as clouds, they represent the character's thoughts. If they appear in jagged lines, the character is shouting.

panel/frame

A distinct segment of the comic, containing a combination of image and text in endless variety.

bleed

An image that extends to and/or beyond the edge of the page

shot/reverse shot

two or more shots edited together that alternate characters, typically in a conversation situation

close up shot

Shows a particular part of a subject with more detail, example: framing a subject from shoulders up

borderless panel

A panel without a frame or border

thought bubble

a bubble, usually sort of cloud shaped where the thoughts of a character are expressed.

narrative box

A box within a panel where the narrator reflects on the action depicted

Chiasmus

A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed

Cliffhanger

An ending to a section, chapter, or book that leaves the reader in suspense

Double entendre

a statement that has two meanings, one of which is dirty or vulgar

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it

Hyperbaton

inversion of words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence that differs from how they would normally be arranged

Soliloquy

A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage