Eyes and Ears

combining form for eye or sight

opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, and ophthalm/o

extraocular

things outside the eye

intraocular

things in the eye

periocular

things around the eye, like the eyelids

accessory structures of the eye

orbit, eye muscles, eyelids or palpebrae

eye muscles (extrinsic)

muscles that move the eyeball

combining form for eyelids or palpebrae

blephar/o

canthus

angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet (medial and lateral)

meibomian gland (tarsal gland)

sebaceous glands on the margins of each eyelid

adenoma

eyelid tumor

conjunctiva

nictitating membrane/The 3rd eyelid

nasolacrimal duct

passageway that drains tears into the nose

lacrimal sac or dacryocyst

enlargement that collects tears at the upper portion of the tear duct

dorsal punctum

the small spot near the upper medial canthus where the nasolacrimal duct begins

ventral punctum

the small spot near the lower medial canthus where the nasolacrimal duct begin

sclera

outer layer of the eyeball (white of the eye)

combining form for sclera

scler/o

cornea

anterior, transparent portion of the sclera

combining form for cornea

corne/o

limbus

corneoscleral junction

descemet’s membrane

inner most or deepest layer of the cornea

choroid

opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains blood vessels and supplies blood for the entire eye

structures of the choroid

tapetum lucidum, iris, pupil, lens, ciliary muscles

tapetum lucidum

is the brightly colored iridescent reflecting tissue layer of the choroid of most species

Iris

is the pigmented muscular diaphragm of the choroid that surrounds the pupil

pupil

circular opening in the center of the iris

Miosis

makes the world smaller (shorter word)

Mydriasis

makes the world bigger (longer word)

Lens

the clear, flexible, avascular, curved capsule located posterior to (behind) the iris and pupil

combining form for lens

Phac/o

Ciliary muscles

adjust the lens

division of the eye

anterior segment and vitreous chamber

anterior segment

contains aqueous humor, is divided into anterior chamber and posterior chamber

vitreous chamber

contains vitreous humor

IOP

intraocular pressure

fluorescein dye stain

diagnostic test to detect corneal injury by placing dye on the surface of the cornea

Schirmer tear test

diagnostic test using a graded paper strip to measure tear production

tonometry

procedure using an instrument to measure intraocular pressure indirectly

anisocoria

condition of unequal pupil size

cataract

cloudiness or opacity of the lens

nuclear sclerosis

drying out of the lens with age

distichiasis

abnormal condition of a double row of eyelashes that usually result in conjunctival injury

ectropion

eversion, or turning outward, of the eyelid

entropion

inversion, or turning inward, of the eyelid

strabismus

disorder in which the eyes are not directed in a parallel man ner; deviation of one or both eyes

keratoconjunctivitis

inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva

exophthalmos

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

buphthalmos

abnormal enlargement of the eye

microphthalmos

abnormally small eyes

anophthalmos

without development of one or both eyes

aphakia

absence of the lens

blepharoptosis

drooping of the upper eyelid

chalazion

localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from the obstruction of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

diplopia

double vision

corneal ulceration

surface depression on the cornea

macular degeneration

condition of central vision loss

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhaphy

to suture