Liquids, Solids and Intermolecular Forces

Flashcards about intermolecular forces, molecular shapes, polarity, and related concepts.

Linear Molecular Geometry

A molecular geometry with a 180-degree bond angle, exemplified by CO2.

Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry

A molecular geometry with a 120-degree bond angle, exemplified by BF3.

Tetrahedral Molecular Geometry

A molecular geometry with a 109.5-degree bond angle, exemplified by CH4.

Polar Molecules

Molecules formed by atoms with different electronegativity, united by covalent bonds, whose symmetry does not allow the polarity to be cancelled (u=0), such as H2O, NH3, and HF.

Nonpolar Molecules

Molecules with atoms of equal electronegativity or with symmetry that allows their polarity to be canceled (u=0), such as CO2 and H2.

Intermolecular Forces

The interaction that exists between molecules, involving electrostatic attraction or interaction between them.

Van der Waals Forces

Forces of attraction and repulsion between polar and nonpolar molecules.

London Dispersion Forces

Interactions that occur between nonpolar molecules, noble gases, and diatomic molecules; the weakest force.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Electrostatic attraction between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.

Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces

Forces between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule in which the polar molecule induces a dipole in the nonpolar molecule.

Hydrogen Bond

An electrostatic interaction that occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to a more electronegative atom (N, O, or F).

Ion-Dipole Force

The forces of attraction between an ion (charged atom) and a polar molecule.

Dipole

Forces of attraction between molecules with differences in electronegativity, raising boiling and melting points.