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kVp
Kilovoltage peak, which is the measure of the penetrating power of the x-ray beam.
mA
Milliamperage, which measures the tube current and controls the quantity of x-rays produced.
mAs
Milliamperage-seconds, the product of mA and exposure time, used to quantify total exposure.
Image receptor exposure
The amount of radiation that reaches the image receptor during exposure.
Exposure indicators
Numerical values displayed on a processed image indicating the level of exposure received.
The 15% rule
An increase or decrease of 15% in kVp is equivalent to doubling or halving the mAs concerning image receptor exposure.
Photoelectric absorption
The absorption of x-ray photons by tissue, which is reduced with higher kVp settings.
Subject contrast
Differences in attenuation of x-rays by various tissues, influenced by body habitus and kVp.
Quantum noise
Image noise resulting from insufficient mAs, leading to a grainy appearance on radiographs.
Law of reciprocity
States that varying combinations of mA and time that produce the same mAs will result in equivalent exposure.
mAs and image brightness
The level of mAs does not affect image brightness when using a digital image receptor.
Digital imaging contrast control
In digital imaging, contrast can be adjusted in post-processing, and kVp impacts but does not solely control it.
Choosing correct mAs
The selection of appropriate mAs is based on the body habitus of the patient and the area being x-rayed.
Radiation exposure management
Using higher kVp and lower mAs in digital imaging to reduce patient exposure while maintaining desired IR exposure.
Overexposure while obtaining good image
It is possible to obtain a good image while overexposing the patient if the mAs is slightly higher than needed.