Reproduction Review

Reproduction

A process by which organisms generate others of the same kind

Asexual Reproduction

An organism generates another organism through division

Sexual Reproduction

Requires male and female gametes joining together

Gametes

Known as sex cells

Sperm

Male gamete

Egg

Female gamete

Fertilization

When sperm joins the egg

Stamen

Male reproductive part of the flower

Anther

Holds/creates the pollen

Filament

Supports the anther

Pistil

Female reproductive part of the flower

Stigma

Sticky top of the pistil, collects pollen

Style

Supports the stigma

Ovary

Holds the eggs

Sepal

Protects the flowerbud

Seeds

The matured ovum after it has been fertilized

Pollination

When pollen travels to the stigma of another flower

Fertilization (plants)

When plant gametes meet

Seed dispersal

Seeds moving away from "parent" plant

Types of Seed Dispersal

Gravity, Wind, Force, Water, Animals, Feces, Fire

Germination

Plant starts to grow from seed

Frog Life Cycle

Frog growth from fertilization to adult

Amplexus

The mating "clasp" of a frog

Cloaca

An exit chamber that leads to the outside of the frog (present in males and females)

External Fertilization

Fertilization that happens outside of the body

Internal fertilization

Fertilization that happens inside the body

Metamorphosis

The changing from immature life form to an adult

Species

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that can mate

Tadpole

Juvenile form of a frog

Adaptation

Characteristic that allows a species to survive in its environment

Offspring

The product of the reproductive processes of a plant or animal, the "children"

Sterile Egg

An unfertilized egg

Mammal

A warm-blooded vertebrate animal characterized by having fur, mammary glands, and birth of live young.

Larva

Juvenile form of a beetle

Pupa

The chrysalis of a beetle

Maturity

The state of acting mature, or growing into the adult form

Puberty

The time when boys and girls begin to physically mature

Puberty Changes

Both: height increases, face changes, armpit hair starts growing, pubic hair starts growing.

Males: facial hair, deeper voice, shoulders and chest broaden, penis and testicles grow.

Females: hips widen, breasts develop, ovaries develop.

Fallopian Tubes

Tubes that carry an egg to the uterus each month

Uterus

Holds the developing baby (embryo or fetus)

Ovary (female anatomy)

Produces eggs and hormones

Cervix

Narrow opening of the uterus that relaxes during childbirth

Vagina

Birth canal that leads to the uterus

Menstruation

Also called periods; where the lining created for implantation sheds out of the vagina

Vas Deferens

Tube that carries sperm from testicles

Bladder

Stores urine

Seminal Vesicle

Where semen (liquid for sperm to swim) is produced

Prostate

Helps produce semen

Testicle

Sperm producing organs, also release hormones

Scrotum

The sac that holds the testicles

Urethra

Tube where urine and semen are discharged

Penis

Male reproductive organ

DNA

The unique code that makes you special

Chromosomes

Coiled pieces of DNA

46 Chromosomes

23 from your mom's egg, and 23 from your dad's sperm

Fusion

When the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus come together to make the new DNA for the zygote

Cell division

When a cell divides and specializes to create an organism

Dominant

A gene that will always show; covers up recessive (uppercase letter)

Recessive

A gene that will only show if paired with another recessive (lowercase letter)

XX or XY

23rd pair of chromosomes, determine female (xx) or male (xy)

Identical Twins

One egg and one sperm, split from the same zygote, must be the same gender

Fraternal Twins

When two different eggs and two different sperm meet and implant at the same time. Can be same or different gender.